Lansing Community College is a public community college with its main campus in Lansing, Michigan. Founded in 1957, the college's main campus is located on an urban, 42-acre (0.17 km2) site in downtown Lansing spanning seven city blocks approximately two blocks from the state capitol. A West Campus opened in 2004 in Delta Township, southwest of Lansing. There is also an East Campus located in the Eyde Plaza in East Lansing. The school is the third largest community college in Michigan by enrollment, with a fall 2013 enrollment of 18,551, a decrease from 20,394 in 2008.
Background: Analysis of digital images of histopathological sections is increasing due to widespread adoption of fully digitised workflows and the greater availability of whole-slide scanners. Currently, hormone receptor status in breast carcinoma is assessed by pathologists scoring separate immunohistochemically stained sections. Methods: In this study, we employed pathologist-verified pixel-level annotations to train nested pixel classifiers capable of making case-level predictions of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status directly from H&E-stained sections using biopsy cases alone. The model was evaluated on both an internal test set and an external international evaluation set from an institution in a different continent using different scanner hardware without the need for image normalisation. Results: In the internal test set, the models achieved AUCs of 0.8030, 0.7956 and 0.7488 for ER, PR, and HER2, respectively, with AUCs of 0.7008 and 0.7488 for ER and PR using an external cohort from an institution from which no cases were used for training. Conclusions: Our data highlight a potential strategy by which a pixel-based classifier, typically developed to quantify histological features within individual cases, could be used to make case/slide-level predictions but illustrate the challenges associated with this approach.
Background:Chronic upper extremity (UE) impairment is common after stroke. This study evaluated Boost, a novel wheelchair-mounted rehabilitation device designed to assist individuals in UE motor recovery during inpatient rehabilitation. Method:Thirty-five stroke inpatients were randomized to perform additional UE exercises alongside standard therapy, using either Boost or a therapist-customized booklet for self-practice. Outcomes included the UE Fugl-Meyer (UEFM) Exam, Box and Block Test, Motor Activity Log, Modified Ashworth Scale, shoulder subluxation, and shoulder pain. Results:At baseline, mean days post-stroke were 11.9±4.6 and 13.1±5.9, and UEFM scores were 20.5±10.1 and 21.0±13.5. Intervention durations averaged 11.9±4.0 and 17.2±8.8 days, respectively. Participants in the Boost group completed 3,359±3,137 additional arm movements. No significant between-group differences were found at the three-month follow-up. However, the Boost group showed a trend toward greater UEFM improvement immediately post-intervention (11.8 vs. 6.9 points, p=0.06). Importantly, UEFM gains were predicted by the number of Boost exercises performed (p=0.02, R2=0.34). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with less severe impairment (baseline UEFM >21) achieved significantly greater UEFM improvements at discharge with Boost compared to controls (15.8 vs. 7.8 points, p=0.01). Conclusions:These findings demonstrate the feasibility of achieving thousands of additional UE practice movements while seated in a wheelchair without direct supervision during subacute rehabilitation. The added movement practice was well tolerated and may offer short-term impairment-reduction benefits, particularly in those with less severe impairment. Larger trials are needed to confirm efficacy, establish optimal dosage, and determine long-term clinical and functional benefits of Boost-assisted therapy.This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the title "Comparing Different Rehabilitation Exercise Strategies for Improving Arm Recovery After Stroke (Boost)" in May 2023; registration number: NCT05880940.
