This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of substituting basal diet with different proportions of arborvitae seeds on the growth performance and meat quality of Lüliang black goats.A total of 120 Lüliang black goats(half male and half female)in the fattening period with an initial body weight of(30.00±2.20)kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups,with three replicates per group and 10 goats per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,while the substitution groups replaced the basal diet with equal amounts of 10％(group A),20％(group B),and 30％(group C)of arborvitae seeds,respectively.The pre-test period was seven days,and the formal test period was 30 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,group B achieved the highest final weight and average daily gain(ADG).The average daily feed intake(ADFI)and feed-to-gain ratio(F/G)were significantly reduced in substitution groups(P＜0.05).The carcass weight,carcass fat content(GR value),backfat thickness,and eye muscle area were significantly increased in the substitution groups(P＜0.05).Serum total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)levels were significantly increased in the substitution groups(P＜0.05),while alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activities,as well as urea nitrogen(BUN)and total cholesterol(TC)levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Energy and cholesterol levels in the substitution groups were reduced,while protein and various mineral elements(sodium,calcium,iron,zinc,selenium)levels were increased.Iron and zinc levels differed significantly among substitution groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant differences in isoleucine,threonine,and methionine concentrations among groups(P＞0.05).Serine,valine,tyrosine,and glutamic acid levels were significantly increased in groups B and C(P＜0.05).Glycine,alanine,and lysine levels were significantly increased in the substitution groups(P＜0.05),while aspartic acid,histidine,leucine,and phenylalanine levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The study shows that under the condition of replacing 20％of the basal diet with arborvitae seeds,the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Lüliang black goats can be improved.
To investigate the pressure-relief and permeability enhancement mechanisms of hydraulic flushing (HF), this study conducted the triaxialseepage experiments on raw coal; the permeability changes during the loading process were analyzed, and the coal permeability evolution model was derived considering the damage effect. Given the boundary conditions of gas seepage and stress fields, a multifield coupling model was developed to reflect coal seam methane (CBM) extracted by the HF borehole. Based on the actual geological conditions of Yi'an Coalmine, the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation was implemented to investigate the effects of coal discharge amount on the relief range, coal permeability, and effective extraction radius of the HF borehole. Moreover, the validity of the coupling model was confirmed through field tests on hydraulic flushing. Then, the interactions of various factors, including coal discharge amount, borehole spacing, initial CBM pressure, and coal permeability, were investigated using the response surface methodology (RSM). Through the results obtained, it was found that the interactions between the factors involved were very significant and caused an obvious time effect on CBM extraction. The interaction between coal discharge amount and borehole spacing increasingly affected the extraction effect of HF boreholes, whereas the interaction between initial CBM pressure and coal permeability gradually weakened. Then, the RSM regression model was established to optimize the borehole placement parameters using predicted extraction time and coal discharge amount as variables. The regression prediction data were consistent with the simulation results and mutually validated. Therefore, based on the elimination of gas outbursts and reduced construction costs, the modeling approach and the RSM model introduced in this study can be used to optimize the precise placement parameters of HF boreholes for enhancing CBM recovery within the expected extraction period.
Extensive research has explored the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and future orientation. However, the strength of this relationship across studies has been inconsistent. This study employs a three-level meta-analysis to synthesize existing research and assess the relationship between SES and future orientation. Moderator analyses were conducted to investigate the sources of research heterogeneity. A systematic literature search identified 38 eligible studies, providing 119 effect sizes and involving 661,697 participants. The results revealed a small positive correlation between SES and future orientation (r = 0.14). Moderator analyses indicated that culture significantly moderated the relationship. Specifically, a stronger correlation was found in high-welfare and low-welfare countries compared to medium-welfare countries. Furthermore, the measurement of SES showed a significant moderating effect, with a stronger correlation in subjective SES than objective SES. Sex demonstrated a significant moderating effect, with the association stronger in studies with a higher proportion of girls in the sample.
ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect of Auricularia auricular protein-polysaccharide complex (PPC) on lead (Pb) excretion in mice under co-cage rearing.MethodsSixty Kunming mice were randomized into blank control (NC), model (Pb), PPC, Co-Pb, and Co-PPC groups. After 8 weeks of feeding, the concentrations of red blood cells and hemoglobin are measured by a fully automated hematology analyzer. ICP-MS is employed to determine the Pb content in the whole blood, small intestine, and feces of mice. The ELISA kit is used to measure the content of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the serum and the levels of lysozymes, β-defensins, and sIgA in the small intestine.ResultsCompared with the NC group, the Pb group has increased levels of Pb in the blood, small intestine, and feces and LPS in the serum (P<0.05) and decreased red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and levels of lysozymes, β-defensins, and sIgA (P<0.05). Compared with the Pb group, the Co-Pb group shows decreases in Pb content in the blood and small intestine (P<0.05), increases in the hemoglobin concentration and fecal Pb content (P<0.05), and insignificant increases in red blood cell count and levels of lysozymes, β-defensins, and sIgA. The PPC and Co-PPC groups show declines in the levels of LPS in the serum and Pb in the blood and small intestine (P<0.05), elevations in the hemoglobin concentration, fecal Pb content, and levels of lysozymes, β-defensins, and sIgA (P<0.05), and no significant difference in red blood cell count.ConclusionPPC can promote Pb excretion and improve blood and small intestine conditions in mice.
