Locomotor disorders in pigs involve both infectious and non-infectious causes; however, iatrogenic peripheral neuropathies are rare. This study describes clinical, macroscopic and histological alterations associated with an outbreak of chronic neuritis in piglets following intramuscular drug administration on two farms. In two farms, each with 500 sows, approximately 7% of farrowing house piglets (26/370) presented with a plantigrade posture of the left pelvic limb (LPL) beginning on the third day of life, with no clinical improvement despite treatment. Nine piglets were subjected to necropsy. On gross examination, an off-white thickening involving the branches of the common fibular nerve of the LPL (indicative of fibrosis) was observed. On microscopic examination, Masson's trichrome and haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed granulomatous inflammation and abundant fibrovascular connective tissue between nerve fascicles, many of which were atrophied or undergoing degeneration. The anatomopathological findings were consistent with chronic (22.2%) and chronic-active (77.8%) neuritis and perineuritis associated with denervation-induced muscular atrophy, predominantly affecting the gastrocnemius muscle, which resulted in the plantigrade posture. Considering the location and pattern of the histological lesions, as well as the history of intramuscular injections during the first days of life, the lesions were considered to be of iatrogenic aetiology.
More than 40% of adults in the United States have obesity, which is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic dysfunction and several chronic diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions for obesity include lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic surgery. Lifestyle interventions have minimal side effects and are the most economical, yet long-term adherence is poor. Challenges for long-term adherence are related, in part, to metabolic adaptations that occur during weight loss that affect appetite and energy expenditure. However, a lifestyle intervention that involves higher intakes of protein and fiber and increased participation in exercise may help to blunt the increases in hunger and cravings that occur with weight loss while increasing energy expenditure, thus assisting with both weight loss and weight loss maintenance. These changes also promote improved cardiometabolic health, independent of weight loss. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for the roles of increasing protein, fiber, and exercise for weight management and improving the cardiometabolic risk factor profile.
Obicetrapib, a selective cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor in development for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk, is expected to be administered with high-intensity statins in clinical practice. This study was performed to assess the effect of obicetrapib on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. An open-label study was conducted to evaluate the PK of atorvastatin 80 mg (cohort 1, n = 42) or rosuvastatin 40 mg (cohort 2, n = 32, non-Asians) with and without co-administration of 10 mg obicetrapib in healthy adult males and females. Study participants received statin on day − 4, obicetrapib on days 1–11, statin co-administered with obicetrapib on day 12, and obicetrapib on days 13–17. Blood samples were collected throughout the dosing period and analyzed for plasma obicetrapib (both cohorts); atorvastatin, ortho-hydroxy atorvastatin, and para-hydroxy atorvastatin (cohort 1), and rosuvastatin (cohort 2). Safety and tolerability were also assessed. The 90
BACKGROUND:Palmitoleic acid (POA) is an n-7 monounsaturated fatty acid. Preclinical studies suggest cis-POA lowers inflammation and improves metabolism. However, the impact of POA supplementation on inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers in humans is not well understood. OBJECTIVES:The primary aim was to investigate if cis-POA lowers circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) relative to placebo. Secondary endpoints were interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, fasting glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, red blood cell (RBC), and plasma fatty acid concentration. Exploratory endpoints were total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, ghrelin, peptide YY, and adiponectin. METHODS:The randomized double-blinded parallel arm trial enrolled 123 participants with hs-CRP concentrations of 2 mg/L or higher. Participants consumed 500 mg/d or 1000 mg/d of marine-source POA or placebo for 12 wk. Fasting blood draws were used to quantify plasma inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers at baseline and 12-wk by multiplex immunoassays. Plasma and RBC POA concentrations were quantified with gas chromatography. Dietary intake was assessed with the Nutrition Data System for Research. Analysis of covariance analysis was used to investigate if there is an effect of either baseline or dosage on inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers. RESULTS:At baseline, all 3 groups had similar hs-CRP concentrations [geometric mean (standard deviation) = 0.57 (0.17), 0.54 (0.20), and 0.53 (0.23)] at 1000 mg/d, 500 mg/d, and placebo, respectively. There were no changes in hs-CRP concentration within and between the 3 groups in response to the supplementation. Analysis of covariance analysis showed there was no significant influence of baseline hs-CRP or POA dosage on changes in hs-CRP. There were also no changes in secondary or exploratory endpoints in response to placebo or POA. Significant changes were measured in select plasma and RBC fatty acids that were significantly related to POA dosage (P < 0.001) but not baseline. CONCLUSIONS:Compared to placebo, supplementation for 12 wk with 500 mg/d or 1000 mg/d POA did not significantly lower hs-CRP or change other biomarkers.
Background:The results of randomized controlled trials generally indicate that red meat intake, or beef specifically, has no impact on potential mechanisms that increase risk of type 2 diabetes, such as reduced insulin sensitivity. However, there have been limited studies conducted to assess the impact of red meat, including beef intake, on pancreatic β-cell function. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of beef intake compared with poultry intake on pancreatic β-cell function, other indicators of glucose homeostasis, glucoregulatory hormone responses, lipoprotein lipids, and biomarkers of inflammation in adults with prediabetes. Methods:This randomized crossover study included adults with overweight or obesity and prediabetes. The participants completed two 28-d treatment periods, separated by a 28-d washout period. Participants were provided entrées with beef or poultry (6-7 oz/d) to consume during the conditions and were otherwise instructed to maintain their habitual dietary pattern during the treatment and washout periods. The primary outcome was pancreatic β-cell function assessed as the ratio of the incremental areas under the curve (iAUC)0-180 min for C-peptide to glucose. Secondary outcomes were fasting and postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Effects on fasting lipoprotein lipid levels were an exploratory outcome. Results:Twenty-nine adults were randomized after screening for inclusion, of which 24 participants (17 males, 7 females) completed the trial. The results indicated no significant differences between beef and poultry for iAUC C-peptide0-180 min/iAUC glucose0-180 min or any of the secondary and exploratory outcomes. Conclusions:Compared with poultry, consumption of beef for 28 d did not produce adverse effects on pancreatic β-cell function, other indicators of glucose homeostasis, lipoprotein lipids, or biomarkers of inflammation.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05456477 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456477).
