The Museum am Rothenbaum – Kulturen und Künste der Welt (lit. Museum at the Rothenbaum – Cultures and Arts of the World, abbr.: MARKK, former name: Museum of Ethnology, Hamburg, German: Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg), founded in 1879, is today one of the largest museums of ethnology in Europe. The approximately 350,000 objects in the collection are visited every year by about 180,000 visitors. It lies in the Rotherbaum quarter of the Eimsbüttel borough in Hamburg at the Rothenbaumchaussee avenue..
Many parasites manipulate the behaviour or appearance of their host to improve their own survival or transmission, with manipulation timing tightly linked to a parasite’s developmental stage. However, host manipulations are complicated by the presence of co-occurring parasites within the same host. Conspecific co-occurring parasites of similar developmental stages may interact collaboratively to manipulate a host. However, co-occurring parasites of different developmental stages will conflict with one another, especially when the manipulation is fatal to developmentally immature co-occurring parasites. Kin selection further complicates these interactions by predicting that closely related co-occurring parasites may not interfere with the other’s manipulation. Co-occurring hairworm (Nematomorpha) parasites are common, and the water-seeking manipulation mature worms induce is probably lethal to co-occurring juvenile worms. To understand the role that kin selection may have on these interactions, we assess kin relationships in a wild hairworm population. We sequence, to our knowledge the first, New Zealand hairworm (Gordius paranensis) genome and use reduced representation sequencing to estimate relatedness among co-occurring worms. We show that co-occurring hairworm relatedness varies from unrelated to highly related and that both mature and immature worms inhabit the same host. We discuss how these developmental and kinship dynamics may shape host manipulations and hairworm survival.
We report the observation of egg-string deposition by females of Gordionus violaceus on the underside of stones in small forest streams in Germany. Egg strings are attached in winding lines to stones, a pattern otherwise known from the genus Chordodes and related genera, but not from the genus Gordionus. The spatial distinction between males (in water) and females (under rocks) may explain observations, in which males dominate in number in collections.
The creation of the Lugar de la Memoria (LUM), dedicated to documenting the Peruvian internal armed conflict (1980–2000), is the result of complex negotiations among various political and social actors. The LUM not only serves as a symbolic gesture of recognition and reparation from the State but also represents the materialization of a longstanding demand from families and survivors. Considering the historical and political context, this article examines how human rights violations are presented in the exhibition, exploring how individual memories of the victims are incorporated into a collective narrative. Additionally, the paper reflects on the museum’s design and how its architecture and layout contribute (or not) to the understanding of the complex issues surrounding memory politics. The study raises key questions about the effectiveness of the LUM as a space for the reparation of past injustices, as well as the challenges of representing political violence within such an emotionally charged and historically disputed context. Through this analysis, the article seeks to explore how a memory museum can help bridge the gap between the past and the present, fostering critical reflection on Peru’s recent history.
Hemiphractids have a singular mode of reproduction that involves maternal care. The Andean-endemic Gastrotheca marsupiata species group includes direct-developing and tadpole-bearing species, the latter trait being unique among Gastrotheca. Larval morphology has proven to be a valuable source of evidence to understand the taxonomy and evolution of frogs but remains understudied in Hemiphractids. Herein, we redescribe the larval cranium of G. espeletia, G. gracilis, G. marsupiata, G. peruana, G. pseustes, and G. riobambae, and describe those of G. aureomaculata, G. chrysosticta, G. litonedis, G. monticola and G. psychrophila. Additionally, based on the data gathered, we explore their phylogenetic significance, expanding the knowledge regarding Gastrotheca larval internal morphology. We suggest that the presence of the posterolateral process of crista parotica, the concave palatoquadrate, the quadratoorbital commissure, and the proximal commissures II and III are putative synapomorphies for Gastrotheca. Furthermore, we suggest the long pseudopterygoid process as a putative synapomorphy for Hemiphractyidae.
