The stochastic generalized Burgers-Huxley equation (SgBHE) introduces a power law parameter in its nonlinear terms, offering a robust framework for modeling reaction-convection-diffusion processes under uncertainty. While existing research has mainly focused on theoretical aspects, this work represents the first attempt to study the strong convergence of an explicit full-discrete scheme for the SgBHE driven by an additive fractional Gaussian noise. To approximate the continuous problem, we propose a temporal nonlinear-tamed exponential integrator combined with the spatial spectral Galerkin method. We derive strong error estimates and examine convergence rates for the fully discrete scheme, depending on the regularity of both time and spatial variables. In contrast to the stochastic Burgers-Huxley equation (SBHE), we develop a progressive technique to overcome the challenges posed by the generalized nonlinear terms, ensuring the boundedness of moments for the numerical solution. A numerical experiment is conducted to validate the theoretical results.
Red soils in subtropical regions are highly susceptible to structural degradation, resulting in poor water retention and restricted water transport. Although tillage strongly influences soil hydraulic properties, the pore-scale mechanisms governing these responses after long-term management remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how 11 years of no-tillage (NT), rotary tillage (RT), and deep ploughing (DP) reshaped pore architecture and regulated soil hydraulic behavior across a 0–40 cm red soil profile by integrating soil physical measurements, van Genuchten modeling, X-ray computed tomography (CT), and multivariate analyses. Relative to conventional rotary tillage (RT), DP reduced bulk density by 16.8% and increased saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) by 138.9–1248.2% and air permeability (Ka) by 25.9–167.0% within the 0–30 cm cultivated layer through enhanced macroporosity and pore connectivity. In contrast, NT maintained higher Ks and Ka in the 20–40 cm subsoil, reflecting the preservation of continuous biopore networks under long-term minimal disturbance. RT preferentially promoted mesopore (200–500 μm) development, resulting in the highest saturated water content, field moisture capacity, and plant-available water. Random forest analysis identified global pore connectivity (Γ), pore anisotropy (An) and pore size distribution, rather than total porosity, as the dominant predictors of hydraulic behavior. Correlation, principal component, and redundancy analyses consistently showed that macropores (>500 μm) primarily controlled water transmission, whereas meso- and micropores (60–200 and 200–500 μm) governed water retention. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that tillage regulated hydraulic function indirectly through pore architecture, with pore conductivity promoting hydraulic conductivity (standardized path coefficient: 0.38) and pore storage enhancing hydraulic storage (0.45), while revealing a strong antagonistic trade-off (-0.93) between conductivity and water storage. These findings establish pore architecture as the mechanistic link between long-term tillage and soil hydraulic function, providing a scientific basis for optimizing tillage strategies to improve water use efficiency and drought resilience in red soil agroecosystems.
Soil gas diffusion plays a critical role in maintaining soil ecosystem functions. However, in non-rigid shrinkage and swelling soils, soil wetting not only leads to water blockages in gas transport pathways, but also induced soil particles expansion, resulting in compressed macropores and soil aeration deterioration. This study aimed to (1) separately quantify the dynamic characteristics of water-filled and air-filled pores during soil swelling using KI labeling and CT scanning, and (2) identify the critical air-filled pore characteristics for better predicting gas diffusivity. Undisturbed soil cores collected from the subsoil layer in a Vertisol under tillage and fertilization treatments were used to investigate changes in pore characteristics and the relative gas diffusivity coefficient (D-s/D-0) during soil swelling. Our results showed that wetting cores with a 10% KI solution enabled accurate segmentation of water-and air-filled pores from CT images. Although soil swelling enlarged pores & Oslash; < 30 mu m micro-pores, it squeezed the & Oslash; > 30 mu m macropores, resulting in more dead pore ends and thereby increased macropore tortuosity but decreased pore connectivity. Under the coupled effect of water blockage and mineral swelling, air-filled pores showed a more rapid decline in porosity and connectivity than the macropores. It was only the percolating pores that connected the top and bottom surfaces of the cores maintained good aeration over the swelling process. Among pore characteristics, the critical air-filled porosity (AFP), defined as the porosity of percolating air-filled pores in limiting layer (the voxel layer with the minimum porosity), exhibited the closest relation with D-s/D-0. A new model that incorporated the critical AFP, percolation air-filled pore tortuosity and the total porosity was established. Compared to the previous models, the new model provided better D-s/D(0)prediction, exhibiting the highest R-2(0.792) and lowest RMSE (0.0077). Our results demonstrated that incorporating three-dimensional parameters of air-filled pores allows for better prediction of gas diffusion during soil swelling. Utilizing proper agricultural practices to form percolating air-filled pores represents as a potential strategy for improving soil aeration in the non-rigid Vertisol.
The combined treatment of 1-MCP and sucrose has been shown to delay postharvest senescence in leafy vegetables, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, pakchoi was treated with 1-MCP, sucrose, or their combination and stored at 20 degrees C for 7 days. The combined treatment (MST) exhibited the strongest effect in comprehensively delaying leaf yellowing, reducing ROS accumulation, and suppressing the expression of chlorophyll degradation genes. MST also inhibited protease activity and downregulated the autophagy-related gene BrATG7, while all treatments preserved RuBisCO activity relative to the control, with ST showing the strongest protective effect. Furthermore, MST effectively protected chloroplast ultrastructure. Correlation analysis revealed that BrATG7 expression was significantly associated with quality parameters and chlorophyll degradation. Overexpression of BrATG7 in pakchoi significantly reduced RuBisCO activity. Furthermore, the transcription factor BrNAC29 was shown to bind the BrATG7 promoter. These results suggest that the combined treatment delays senescence by simultaneously alleviating carbon starvation, suppressing ROS accumulation, and inhibiting the transcription factor BrNAC29. This, in turn, downregulates BrATG7, thereby limiting BrATG7-mediated autophagic degradation of chloroplast proteins. This study provides a novel mechanism for postharvest preservation and identifies BrATG7 as a potential molecular target.
Peach fruit is highly susceptible to postharvest soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of trans-2-hexenal (E2H) in controlling postharvest soft rot in peach fruit. Exogenous E2H treatment significantly inhibited R. stolonifer infection in peach fruit, reducing both disease incidence and lesion diameter. RNA-Seq revealed that E2H-induced differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways associated with disease resistance and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. In E2H-treated peach fruit, the expression levels of PpWRKY75, PpGLU1, and PpPR10 were significantly upregulated. Subcellular localization and transactivation assays demonstrated that PpWRKY75 was localized in the nucleus and possessed transcriptional activation activity. Dual luciferase reporter (DLR) assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) further confirmed that PpWRKY75 can activate transcription of PpGLU1 and PpPR10 by binding to their promoters. Consistently, transient overexpression of PpWRKY75 in peach fruit significantly inhibited lesion expansion, reduced disease incidence, and markedly increased the expression levels of the defense-related genes PpGLU1 and PpPR10, thereby enhancing fruit disease resistance. Conversely, silencing PpWRKY75 in peach fruit weakened disease resistance. In addition, the transient expression analysis of PpGLU1 and PpPR10 indicated that they had the function of enhancing disease resistance. In summary, this study demonstrated that exogenous E2H activated PpWRKY75 expression, which in turn regulated the expression of PpGLU1 and PpPR10, thereby enhancing peach fruit resistance against R. stolonifer. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying postharvest soft rot resistance in peach fruit.
