Based on the patent data retrieved from the Incopat database,aims to clarify the research and development(R&D)characteristics in the field of nuclear-contaminated water treatment by Japanese research entities following the Fukushima nuclear accident.The results show as follows:After the Fukushima nuclear accident,the number of patent applications for nuclear-contaminated water treatment by Japanese research entities increased in a spurt.The treatment process is primarily dominated by the adsorption method.The core innovations focus on the preparation and modification of adsorbents.Before 2015,adsorbents containing ion-exchange reagents dominated patent applications.However,after 2015,inorganic adsorbents based on"silica,silicates,or titanates"gradually became the mainstream technology,with silicate-based adsorbents attracting significant attention due to their effective adsorption of cesium(Cs).As the primary operator of the Fukushima nuclear power plant,Tokyo Electric Power Company also focused on adsorption methods,without showing significant exploration of other treatment processes.Based on the analysis of patent literature from 2011 to 2025,it is recommended that researchers strengthen the optimization of adsorption processes and further investigate the impact of discharged nuclear-contaminated water on marine environments,and also looks forward to the exploration of better treatment processes for nuclear-contaminated water.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface(RIS),as one of the potential key technologies for 5G-Advanced and 6G,boasts ad-vantages such as quasi-passivity,continuous aperture,ease of deployment,low power consumption,software programmability,broad-band response,and low thermal noise.It has the capability to reshape the electromagnetic environment and enable a variety of func-tions.This study conducts a statistical analysis on the trends in application volume,regional distribution,and key players in technolog-ical innovation related to 6G intelligent surface technology patents.Furthermore,it examines the technological evolution paths of three main branches:RIS device,beamforming,channel estimation,and Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC).By relying on these patent technology evolution paths,the study uncovers the latest development trends and research hotspots in 6G intelligent surface technology.Through tracking and analyzing global patents focused on 6G intelligent surfaces,the technical information embedded in these patents is fully explored,highlighting the leading role of patent information in domestic technological development.
With the rapid development of 6G communication technology,the space-air-ground integrated network has become a research hotspot due to its capability of global seamless coverage.This paper systematically investigates the development trend of coding technologies in the 6G space-air-ground integrated network based on patent analysis,focusing on four major technical branches:Turbo codes,LDPC codes,Polar codes,and AI coding.By analyzing global patent data from 2016 to 2025,the paper re-veals the trends in technological evolution,regional competitive landscape,and distribution of innovative entities.The findings show that South Korea leads in the number of patents,China has an advantage in Polar codes,and AI coding accounts for more than 50％of the patents but is still in the early stages of standardization.The paper also identifies key technological gaps such as high dynamic channel adaptation and space-ground collaborative optimization,providing strategic references for the development of 6G coding technologies and standard setting.
With the increasing demand for ocean exploration, the construction of an integrated space-air-ground-sea network has become extremely important. However, due to the different properties of air and seawater, as well as the complex and variable marine environment, achieving cross-domain communication between air and sea faces many technical challenges. To deeply explore the current state of innovation and future development trends in air-sea cross-domain communication, the paper constructs a dataset based on patent search results. It investigates the overall patent landscape, global geographical distribution, and key innovative entities. The core patents and technological evolution of three technical branches-direct air-sea cross-domain link-level communication, air-sea cross-domain relay communication, and air-sea cross-domain communication networking are analyzed. The paper also offers development suggestions to Chinese innovative entities in terms of core technology breakthroughs and patent protection and utilization.
With the popularity of digital audio sources,Digital to Analog Converter(DAC)has become an indispensable compo-nent in audio devices,and its accuracy often determines the signal fidelity of the entire system.For this reason,a sigma-delta modulator for high-precision audio DACs is designed using noise shaping technology and implemented by Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)in this paper.By building a testing system,the test results show that the output Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)of the designed sigma-delta modulator can achieve 107.4 dB when a 1 kHz,0 dBFS(Full Scale)sinusoidal signal with 1 411.2 kHz sampling frequency is used.When the input signal frequency is within the audio band(with an input signal amplitude of 0 dBFS),the output SNR remains above 104 dB.Additionally,the designed sigma-delta modulator can be utilized in WAV music players.
