National University of Lomas de Zamora

Diversos estudios recientes destacan la necesidad urgente de incorporar la ética de la inteligencia artificial (IA) como un componente fundamental en la formación universitaria. En este contexto, la presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar los riesgos que conlleva el uso creciente de la IA en el ámbito educativo y proponer un conjunto de competencias éticas que faciliten su integración responsable en la educación superior. La metodología adoptada fue de carácter descriptivo-analítico y de tipo longitudinal, lo que permitió observar tendencias a lo largo del tiempo. Inicialmente se aplicó un algoritmo para seleccionar literatura académica pertinente, lo que sirvió como base para el diseño de instrumentos. Posteriormente, se aplicaron encuestas a una muestra de 144 estudiantes de nivel superior de Argentina, México y Ecuador. Los resultados evidenciaron preocupaciones relacionadas con la deshumanización de los procesos educativos, la pérdida de privacidad, la escasa capacidad de evaluación crítica, la deshonestidad académica y la apropiación no autorizada de contenidos. A partir de estos hallazgos, se enfatiza la necesidad de promover una formación ética sólida que prepare a los estudiantes para enfrentar los desafíos emergentes de la IA. En consecuencia, se destaca la urgencia de establecer marcos competenciales que articulen tecnología, valores y responsabilidad social en el contexto universitario.

Pasture-based livestock systems are often regarded as restorative for soil fertility. However, this study hypothesizes that the intensification of dairy farming leads to spatial and vertical imbalances in soil nutrient distribution, undermining this assumption. We assessed macronutrients, micronutrients, and chemical indicators in 240 soil samples from 17 dairy farms across the Argentine Pampas, comparing reference soils, grazed pastures, feeding pens, and adjacent croplands at three depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm). Results revealed substantial nutrient depletion in grazed pastures and croplands, especially for phosphorus (− 48

Urbanization is rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan African countries. However, there is limited understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns of urbanization, land cover changes, and their correlation with population growth in developing cities. This study conducted a comparative analysis of historical urban expansion, land consumption rates, and land use/cover changes in Mekelle, Aksum, and Shire-Indasilassie cities in Tigray, Ethiopia from 1984 to 2020. The research utilized Landsat satellite images for land cover and landscape dynamics analysis. The study analyzed how urban built-up land expansion in cities correlates with population growth. It considered urban expansion rate, annual growth, and urbanization intensity index. Landscape patterns were assessed using eight metrics measuring composition and configuration at landscape and class levels. Mekelle experienced the highest urban expansion (50.2%) from 1984 to 2020 compared to other cities. Infilling and leapfrogging urban growths were observed in the cities from 1984 to 1994 and 1994 – 2020, respectively. Our analysis shows an increasing fragmentation of land use/cover classes and decreased aggregation in city landscapes. By 2050, built-up land in Mekelle, Aksum, and Shire-Indasilassie is expected to be 4, 3.87, and 3.9 times larger than in 2020, respectively. In Mekelle and Shire-Indasilassie, inefficient land use is projected from 2030 to 2040. Studying these attributes helps us compare urban expansion patterns, crucial for evidence-based urban planning. Understanding and predicting urban expansion and landscape trends are vital for informed decision-making in urban development.

BACKGROUND:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of health-related courses promoted on Instagram that advertise unvalidated or scientifically unsupported clinical and surgical techniques, specifically targeting courses taught by self-identified healthcare professionals on the Instagram platform. METHODOLOGY:Metadata regarding user credentials, engagement metrics, course format, claimed outcomes, and references to scientific evidence were extracted. An unvalidated technique was defined as any procedural claim made in a course promotion lacking citation to peer-reviewed literature, documented pre-clinical or clinical trials, or formal recognition by a relevant professional regulatory body. Scientific validity was assessed based on the presence or absence of these predefined criteria: (1) citation of peer-reviewed studies, (2) evidence of prior regulatory approval (e.g., from a professional council), and (3) documentation of clinical trial data. Statistical analyses were performed in RStudio using Pearson's correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS:A total of 612 accounts promoting 1120 courses were screened, with 77 eligible accounts included in the final analysis. The instructors had an average of 11.6 years since graduation, though some had only months of professional experience. Only 17 specialists were trained in the relevant field, and advanced degrees were rare. Seventy-six distinct unvalidated techniques were identified, 17 of which were surgical, and 11 explicitly prohibited by professional councils. Most instructors lacked formal academic affiliation, and 35 falsely self-identified as specialists. Notably, only 14.5% of unvalidated techniques faced regulatory prohibition, leaving the majority unmonitored. CONCLUSION:The findings reveal alarming trends in the commercialisation of unvalidated aesthetic practices through Instagram-based courses, often taught by underqualified professionals. Urgent regulatory reforms are needed to address the role of social media in promoting harmful health practices.