Osaka Sangyo University (大阪産業大学, Ōsaka sangyō daigaku) is a private university in Daitō, Osaka, Japan. It is abbreviated as "DaiSanDai" using the first characters of its name. It was established in 1923 as Osaka Railway School. The university has six faculties and four graduate schools. Its campuses are in the Nakagaito area of Daito City, Osaka close to the ancient Japanese capital of Nara. A satellite campus is in the Umeda district of Osaka. There are about 11,000 students; 10% of them are international students. It is one of the major universities in Japan with a higher number of international students. In 2004, it was selected as one of the special universities under the Educational Support Program for Special Universities (特色ある大学教育支援プログラム) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese Government. The university's award-winning clean-energy solar car project frequently participated in domestic and international clean energy competitions. Yoshihiko Motoyama (本山美彦), former chairman of the Japan Society of International Economics, is its current president. Yoshikuni Dobashi, former president of Kubota Corporation, is the chairman of the board of directors.
Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), a method for capturing and storing emitted carbon dioxide, is being promoted as one of the efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The current mainstream CCS technology is aquifer storage, which involves injecting and trapping supercritical CO2 beneath geological structures such as a rock layer with low permeability and barrier properties, and the number of suitable storage sites is limited. Recently, a storage method using the gas hydrate has been proposed. In this method, injected liquid CO2 forms a self-sealing layer and the liquid CO2 is stored beneath the hydrate-bearing layer, eliminating the need for a barrier layer and potentially expanding the storage area. In this study, CO2 (liquid)/water two-phase fluid-solid coupled analyses are performed to investigate the deformation behavior of the seafloor. In the analysis, it is assumed that the hydrate-bearing layer with several meters thickness has already formed in the sand layer, and the ground stability during CO2 injection and storage beneath the hydrate layer is focused on. An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model is used for the hydrate-bearing sand layer, which takes into account the increased stiffness and creep properties due to hydrates. Simulations are carried out under different injection locations and pressure conditions to investigate the mechanical behavior of the sand layer and hydrate-bearing layer.
Building on our previous findings that once-weekly high-intensity exercise, whether performed as a single bout or as three-set intervals, effectively improves cardiorespiratory function, this study investigated the effects of even lower frequency & horbar;biweekly & horbar;high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory function in healthy adults, focusing on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and ventilatory threshold (VT) as primary indicators of aerobic capacity. We hypothesized that a reduced-frequency HIIT protocol would significantly improve these cardiorespiratory function indicators over a 4-month period. Eighteen healthy adult volunteers (age: 20.7 f 0.9 years) participated in the study. The HIIT program consisted of 8 sessions over 4-months, conducted once every two weeks. Each session included three sets of cycling at 80-90% of the maximum work rate (WRmax) until exhaustion. Cardiorespiratory function was assessed through ramp exercise tests before and after the intervention. After the 4-month HIIT program, the training group showed significant improvements in several key indicators of aerobic fitness. VO2max, the gold standard measure of cardiorespiratory fitness, increased by +12.7 f 10.2% (p = 0.005). WRmax during the ramp exercise test increased by 10.4 f 5.4% (p = 0.001). VT, an important submaximal indicator of endurance capacity, also improved significantly (+14.4 f 16.1%, p = 0.021). Progressive improvement in exercise performance was observed throughout the training period, with maximal exercise duration showing significant increases: month 1 (188 f 69 s), month 2 (207 f 72 s), month 3 (250 f 102 s), and month 4 (295 f 133 s), representing a 57.2% total improvement (ANOVAp = 0.002). Individual comparisons of pre- and post-HIIT VO2max and VT in the training group consistently showed improvements. The control group showed no significant changes in these parameters. This study provides evidence that biweekly low-frequency HIIT can induce significant improvements in both maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory function in healthy adults. The results suggest that substantial cardiorespiratory benefits can be achieved with much less time commitment than traditionally recommended, potentially increasing exercise adherence in time-constrained populations. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects, underlying mechanisms, and applicability to diverse populations.
This paper theorises a fundamental paradigm shift in architecture theory, driven by the software defined vehicle. It posits the inverted mirroring path, a conceptual framework that overturns the traditional causal logic of the mirroring hypothesis. In this new paradigm, product architecture ceases to be a mirror of internal organisational structure and instead becomes a dynamic strategic interface that actively mediates exogenous forces - institutional mandates, market dynamics, and user experience. The Chinese SDV ecosystem exemplifies this architectural unbundling: flexible industrial policy, a user base demanding perpetual evolution, and a proactive swarm strategy pursuing emergent heterogeneity have institutionalised a fluid design paradigm. Within this paradigm, the boundary configuration on what to integrate, decouple, or outsource becomes the primary locus of competition and value creation. Consequently, competitive advantage is redefined: it derives not from optimising a fixed architecture, but from a firm's capacity to orchestrate architectural fluidity within an open, evolving socio-technical system.
This study evaluates the long-term performance of a friction-based connector that uses wooden dowels to apply prestress parallel to the grain. This method mitigates the substantial force loss anticipated when applying prestressing force to wood. The primary objective is to develop a simplified experimental method for determining creep parameters required for analytical models evaluating long-term performance of the connectors and to verify its validity. Creep parameters for White Oak (WO), Konara Oak (KO), Japanese Beech (JB), and Japanese Cedar (JC) were derived from prestressing force losses measured in time-dependent tests on bolted wood specimens under constant and cyclic humidity conditions. Parameter validity was confirmed by applying them to the analytical model and comparing predictions with results from long-term (1-6 years) time-dependent tests in an uncontrolled environment. The analytical results aligned with the experimental data, accurately capturing overall trends and inelastic fluctuations. Finally, the validated parameters were used to predict the 50-year performance of the friction-based connector. The analysis predicted that connectors using WO and KO dowels would retain approximately 70% of their initial prestress while those with JB would retain approximately 50%.
