Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP; Filipino: Politeknikong Unibersidad ng Pilipinas) is a research and coeducational state university in Manila, Philippines. It was founded on 19 October 1904, as the Manila Business School (MBS) and as part of Manila's public school system. It was eventually promoted to chartered state university in 1978, by virtue of Presidential Decree 1341. PUP has more than 20 campuses and extensions across Central Luzon, Southern Luzon and Metro Manila. With over 70,000 enrolled students, PUP claims to be the largest state university in the Philippines by student population.In 2013, PUP ranked 300+ in the QS Asia University Rankings. In the same year, the QS World University Rankings Country File on the Philippines also placed PUP third in Life Science and Medicine, fifth in Natural Science (Chemistry), fourth in Economics and Econometrics, and fifth in Communication and Media Studies. 58 PUP programs have been accredited by the Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines (AACCUP) while 2 (Journalism and Filipino) were granted Center of Development status by the Commission on Higher Education. A 2018 survey of 503 JobStreet employers ranked PUP as the top choice of employers in general, the top choice in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry, and the second choice in the Manufacturing, IT, and Banking industries.The Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act of 2017 mandates free tuition and fees for all students of state universities and colleges. Before the act was enforced, the tuition was exactly ₱12 (roughly 24 US cents) per unit (Since 1979) for undergraduate students. Students may opt out of the subsidy and choose to pay the full tuition instead. PUP has a reputation for student activism against tuition fee hikes.PUP's athletic team is known as the Mighty Maroons and plays in the National Capital Region Conference of the State Colleges and Universities Athletic Association (SCUAA). The team also played in the National Athletic Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (NAASCU) in 2013. Its official volleyball team, the PUP Lady Radicals, played in the Shakey's V-League in 2015.
The hospitality industry has been reshaped by digital transformation, with hotels and resorts increasingly relying on online platforms to attract and convert guests. This narrative literature review synthesizes studies published between 2015 and 2025 to examine how digital marketing strategies influence booking behavior in the Philippine hospitality sector. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, Stimulus-Organism-Response framework, and Social Proof Theory, the review highlights the mediating roles of visibility, ease of use, trust, and engagement. Literature was identified through searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords such as digital marketing, hospitality booking, and social proof. Findings reveal that frequent, engaging, and platform-specific content enhances visibility and brand recall, while intuitive booking interfaces reduce friction. Trust, reinforced by reviews and reputation management, mitigates perceived risk, and engagement metrics act as social proof that amplifies credibility. Integrated strategies across search engines, OTAs, and social media consistently yield stronger booking outcomes, including higher direct reservations and improved loyalty. The review contributes new knowledge by situating Philippine practices within global benchmarks, identifying contradictions in mediating factors, and underscoring gaps in causal evidence. For practitioners, the study emphasizes continuous investment in visibility, usability, credibility, and authentic engagement. For scholars, it calls for longitudinal and experimental designs to explore emerging technologies such as AI-driven personalization, blockchain, and immersive VR/AR in pre-booking phases.
This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of crime data encoders in the Philippine National Police (PNP), specifically non-uniformed personnel (NUP) assigned to investigation sections across different cities and municipalities in Laguna province. These personnel provide administrative, technical, and clerical support by encoding all crime incidents within their area of responsibility, including sensitive and violent cases. The study focused on the psychological, emotional, and work-related challenges they encountered from prolonged indirect exposure to such crime-related information. This study used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interview questions validated by experts were used and grounded with Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Theory, Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), and the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TMSC). This framework addressed existing gaps in the roles of administrative personnel exposed to crime-related information. Data were collected through face-to-face and online interview sessions, and transcribed verbatim. Trustworthiness was ensured through detailed audit trails, reflexivity, and member checking, with an 87% validation rate. The study yielded six superordinate themes: (1) the weight of wounds, (2) the weight of indirect trauma and fear, (3) burden of racing against time, (4) pulled into yesterday’s task, (5) the weight of continuous duty, (6) finding relief despite challenges. Findings revealed emotional and psychological challenges from indirect trauma exposure to crime-related details, such as fear, shock, annoyance, sleep disturbance, and empathy towards victims. Despite these challenges, encoders revealed coping strategies such as breathing techniques, spiritual practices, positive thinking, and gradual adaptation. The study recommends strengthening the existing mental health and wellness programs for these personnel exposed to secondary trauma.
Traditional scouting evaluations for fundamental skills, like knot tying, often rely on manual observation, a process that is frequently time – consuming, subjective, and prone to personal biases or inconsistent standards. This study introduces iSCOUT, a mobile application designed to modernize the Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) evaluation process by automating knot – tying assessment through a rule – based algorithm. Utilizing a mixed – methods research design, the study involved a purposive sample of thirty respondents, including senior scouts, adult leaders, and IT experts. The application was developed using the Flutter framework and TensorFlow Lite to facilitate real – time performance monitoring and digital tutorials. Technical assessments demonstrated a high level of reliability, with the system achieving an overall accuracy rate of 95.3% across eight basic scouting knots, such as the Overhand Knot and Figure of Eight. The findings suggest that incorporating hardcoded expert knowledge and immersive feedback loops significantly bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical motor skill acquisition. This study concludes that iSCOUT provides a viable, objective framework for digitalizing scouting activities and reducing evaluation anxiety among scouts. Future recommendations include expanding the platform to incorporate all activities aligned with senior scout advancement to ensure long – term skill retention and instructional quality.
This study explored the lived experiences of Filipino primiparous mothers during the postpartum period, with particular emphasis on partner involvement. Using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), in-depth interviews were conducted with six (6) mothers to examine how they make sense of postpartum challenges, support systems, and relational dynamics. Five overarching themes emerged: perceptions of the postpartum journey, experiences of partner involvement, postpartum challenges, supportive resources, and specific partner efforts. Findings revealed that the postpartum period is a complex and demanding transition marked by emotional overwhelm, physical exhaustion, and role adjustment. During the early postpartum phase, mothers often experienced a sense of aloneness despite the presence of their partners, largely due to the intensity of adjustment demands. Over time, appreciation of partner involvement developed, particularly through intentional communication and emotional attunement. Support was perceived as most meaningful when partners were responsive to the mothers’ evolving emotional and practical needs. The study further found that mothers’ capacity to cope was influenced not only by the availability of support but by how they perceived and engaged with it through shared coping strategies with their partners. Open communication, emotional connection, and shared future-oriented conversations emerged as critical processes that fostered resilience, reduced feelings of isolation, and strengthened relational bonds. Additionally, anticipating postpartum challenges and establishing support systems prior to childbirth facilitated better adjustment. Overall, postpartum recovery is understood as a relational and meaning-making process shaped by communication, preparedness, and mutual engagement. The findings highlight the importance of integrating partner involvement, culturally grounded practices, and proactive support systems in promoting maternal well-being among Filipino mothers.
