宝洁公司

Substantial research has examined work-related correlates of the Big Five, but few studies have investigated these traits in combination. This research addressed this issue by focusing on profiles, examining (a) the types of personality profiles found in a large working sample and their similarity to previous profiles found in samples outside of organizational contexts; (b) the relationship between personality profiles and job performance, including incremental validity in predicting job performance beyond personality traits; and (c) other characteristics associated with these personality profiles relevant to organizational settings. To examine these issues, we used an archival dataset (N = 4,103) from a concurrent criterion-related validation study conducted in a Fortune 100 company involving measures of personality, job performance, proactive personality, learning goal orientation, and creativity. Results from latent profile and regression analyses indicated (a) the presence of four personality profiles with some overlap with profiles found in other contexts, (b) limited evidence of incremental validity for personality profiles beyond personality traits, and (c) some relationships between profiles and proactive personality, learning goal orientation, and creativity. These findings suggest that additional research on personality profiles at work may be worthwhile, but these profiles may have limited value in terms of criterion-related validity.

Endemism serves as an ecological metric and indicator, informing conservation planning worldwide. Within this context, the Western Ghats emerge as a pivotal biogeographical region, particularly renowned for its rich array of endemic species. Among the various habitats within this region, rock outcrops stand out as a critical habitat for herbaceous endemic species as they support higher endemism as compared to other habitats. Despite their ecological significance, a comprehensive understanding of the environmental factors shaping herbaceous endemic diversity within these habitats remains elusive. Understanding the effect of environmental parameters can give insights into how species would deal with current and future climate. In the present study, we studied the relationship between the distribution of herbaceous endemic species and environmental parameters. In addition to that we also investigated which microhabitats on rock outcrops support maximum endemic species. The study was conducted on 15 lateritic rock outcrops (LRO) in the Goa and Konkan regions of Maharashtra. We recorded a total of 100 herbaceous endemic taxa spanning 25 families and 48 genera. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the sites were grouped into three groups: high-elevation LROs, low-elevation Konkan LROs and low-elevation Goa LROs. NMDS revealed that this grouping is based on the elevation, annual mean temperature and isothermality. Among the various microhabitats on LROs, shallow soil covered areas emerged as pivotal microhabitats for endemic species richness followed by ephemeral flush vegetation and exposed rock surfaces. This study highlights the intricate relationship between environmental factors, microhabitat characteristics, and herbaceous endemic diversity in the Western Ghats, emphasizing that region focused studies provide crucial insights for conservation efforts.

For a period exceeding five decades, industrial and scientific communities, in conjunction with regulators, have utilized a complexified, standardized system (e.g., OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; ISO, International Organization for Standardization; ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials; CEN, Comité Européen de Normalisation) for the estimation of biodegradability of organic compounds. This system has been adopted in numerous countries worldwide and has also been integrated into European legislation (REACH, registration, authorisation, and restriction of chemicals). In recent years, a number of deficiencies have been identified in the standardized biodegradation test systems. This comprehensive review sets out the fields in which improvements are necessary to set up the next generation of reliable, standardized biodegradation tests. The main focus of the review is the challenges and modifications needed to test difficult-to-test compounds such as volatile, hydrophobic compounds, UVCBs (unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials), water-soluble polymers, and plastics. Recent advances in the characterization of inocula for biodegradation tests are also addressed, which offer a valuable opportunity to enhance the reliability and reproducibility of biodegradation assays. Moreover, the potential for predicting biodegradation in the environment is a subject that is discussed in this text. • It is essential that the OECD system of biodegradability tests be subjected to a thorough re-examination and further technical development. • It is evident that UVCBs, hydrophobic compounds, and polymers present particular challenges in the context of OECD/ISO biodegradation tests. • It is necessary that inocula for OECD/ISO-based biodegradation tests are characterized in a much more comprehensive manner.

We examine how artificial intelligence (AI) impacts three core pillars of collaboration-performance enhancement, expertise integration, and social engagement- through a preregistered field experiment with 791 professionals at Procter & Gamble, a global consumer packaged goods company. Working on real product innovation challenges, professionals were randomly assigned to work either with or without AI, and either individually or with another professional in new product development teams. Our findings show that (1) AI significantly enhances performance: individuals with AI matched the performance of teams without AI, suggesting that AI can effectively replicate certain benefits of human collaboration. Moreover, (2) AI helps bridge functional silos: without AI, research and development professionals tended to suggest more technical solutions, whereas commercial professionals leaned toward commercially oriented proposals. Professionals using AI produced more balanced solutions, regardless of their professional background. (3) AI's language-based interface prompted more positive self-reported emotional responses among participants, suggesting it can fulfill part of the social and motivational role traditionally offered by human teammates. Finally, decomposing the innovation process suggests that AI primarily enhances the quality of generated ideas, shifting the distribution of creative output upward, whereas human judgment retains value in evaluative selection. This finding highlights the multiple and complementary roles that human and AI partners can play in new product development tasks and creative problem solving. More generally, our results suggest that AI adoption in knowledge work affects not only performance but also how expertise and sociality appear within teams, offering insights into the impact of generative AI on collaborative work within organizations.

Trace levels of lead (Pb) have been reported in tampons, prompting concerns about potential exposure during menstrual product use. However, the presence of a chemical in a product does not necessarily translate to biologically relevant exposure. In this study, we characterized the distribution and binding of Pb in menstrual fluid and developed a deterministic, compartmental mass-balance model to evaluate the release and fate of Pb that may be present as an inadvertent trace impurity in tampons. Our experimental measurements demonstrated that Pb preferentially partitions to the red blood cell (RBC) fraction of menstrual fluid. The remaining Pb was distributed in the plasma fraction, where the majority was protein-bound. These distribution and binding characteristics were broadly comparable to those reported for systemic blood. Utilizing these data, a mechanistic model was parameterized to describe the release of Pb from a tampon into menstrual fluid, partitioning between menstrual fluid compartments, reabsorption into the tampon during fluid uptake, and potential permeation across vaginal tissue. Under the conservative assumptions evaluated here, model simulations for a 4-h tampon wear scenario predicted that the majority of theoretically released Pb is reabsorbed into the tampon, with only a very small fraction (<1 ng; <0.3%) available for potential absorption into vaginal tissue. Sensitivity and alternative release scenario analyses demonstrated that predicted tissue uptake remained minimal across various plausible conditions. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of integrating chemical presence data with physiological context and mechanistic modeling to inform exposure assessment and support science-based evaluation of product safety.