宝洁公司

Substantial research has examined work-related correlates of the Big Five, but few studies have investigated these traits in combination. This research addressed this issue by focusing on profiles, examining (a) the types of personality profiles found in a large working sample and their similarity to previous profiles found in samples outside of organizational contexts; (b) the relationship between personality profiles and job performance, including incremental validity in predicting job performance beyond personality traits; and (c) other characteristics associated with these personality profiles relevant to organizational settings. To examine these issues, we used an archival dataset (N = 4,103) from a concurrent criterion-related validation study conducted in a Fortune 100 company involving measures of personality, job performance, proactive personality, learning goal orientation, and creativity. Results from latent profile and regression analyses indicated (a) the presence of four personality profiles with some overlap with profiles found in other contexts, (b) limited evidence of incremental validity for personality profiles beyond personality traits, and (c) some relationships between profiles and proactive personality, learning goal orientation, and creativity. These findings suggest that additional research on personality profiles at work may be worthwhile, but these profiles may have limited value in terms of criterion-related validity.

Endemism serves as an ecological metric and indicator, informing conservation planning worldwide. Within this context, the Western Ghats emerge as a pivotal biogeographical region, particularly renowned for its rich array of endemic species. Among the various habitats within this region, rock outcrops stand out as a critical habitat for herbaceous endemic species as they support higher endemism as compared to other habitats. Despite their ecological significance, a comprehensive understanding of the environmental factors shaping herbaceous endemic diversity within these habitats remains elusive. Understanding the effect of environmental parameters can give insights into how species would deal with current and future climate. In the present study, we studied the relationship between the distribution of herbaceous endemic species and environmental parameters. In addition to that we also investigated which microhabitats on rock outcrops support maximum endemic species. The study was conducted on 15 lateritic rock outcrops (LRO) in the Goa and Konkan regions of Maharashtra. We recorded a total of 100 herbaceous endemic taxa spanning 25 families and 48 genera. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) the sites were grouped into three groups: high-elevation LROs, low-elevation Konkan LROs and low-elevation Goa LROs. NMDS revealed that this grouping is based on the elevation, annual mean temperature and isothermality. Among the various microhabitats on LROs, shallow soil covered areas emerged as pivotal microhabitats for endemic species richness followed by ephemeral flush vegetation and exposed rock surfaces. This study highlights the intricate relationship between environmental factors, microhabitat characteristics, and herbaceous endemic diversity in the Western Ghats, emphasizing that region focused studies provide crucial insights for conservation efforts.

We examine how artificial intelligence (AI) impacts three core pillars of collaboration-performance enhancement, expertise integration, and social engagement- through a preregistered field experiment with 791 professionals at Procter & Gamble, a global consumer packaged goods company. Working on real product innovation challenges, professionals were randomly assigned to work either with or without AI, and either individually or with another professional in new product development teams. Our findings show that (1) AI significantly enhances performance: individuals with AI matched the performance of teams without AI, suggesting that AI can effectively replicate certain benefits of human collaboration. Moreover, (2) AI helps bridge functional silos: without AI, research and development professionals tended to suggest more technical solutions, whereas commercial professionals leaned toward commercially oriented proposals. Professionals using AI produced more balanced solutions, regardless of their professional background. (3) AI's language-based interface prompted more positive self-reported emotional responses among participants, suggesting it can fulfill part of the social and motivational role traditionally offered by human teammates. Finally, decomposing the innovation process suggests that AI primarily enhances the quality of generated ideas, shifting the distribution of creative output upward, whereas human judgment retains value in evaluative selection. This finding highlights the multiple and complementary roles that human and AI partners can play in new product development tasks and creative problem solving. More generally, our results suggest that AI adoption in knowledge work affects not only performance but also how expertise and sociality appear within teams, offering insights into the impact of generative AI on collaborative work within organizations.

For a period exceeding five decades, industrial and scientific communities, in conjunction with regulators, have utilized a complexified, standardized system (e.g., OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; ISO, International Organization for Standardization; ASTM, American Society for Testing and Materials; CEN, Comité Européen de Normalisation) for the estimation of biodegradability of organic compounds. This system has been adopted in numerous countries worldwide and has also been integrated into European legislation (REACH, registration, authorisation, and restriction of chemicals). In recent years, a number of deficiencies have been identified in the standardized biodegradation test systems. This comprehensive review sets out the fields in which improvements are necessary to set up the next generation of reliable, standardized biodegradation tests. The main focus of the review is the challenges and modifications needed to test difficult-to-test compounds such as volatile, hydrophobic compounds, UVCBs (unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials), water-soluble polymers, and plastics. Recent advances in the characterization of inocula for biodegradation tests are also addressed, which offer a valuable opportunity to enhance the reliability and reproducibility of biodegradation assays. Moreover, the potential for predicting biodegradation in the environment is a subject that is discussed in this text. • It is essential that the OECD system of biodegradability tests be subjected to a thorough re-examination and further technical development. • It is evident that UVCBs, hydrophobic compounds, and polymers present particular challenges in the context of OECD/ISO biodegradation tests. • It is necessary that inocula for OECD/ISO-based biodegradation tests are characterized in a much more comprehensive manner.

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting is widely used for supporting physical-layer security in various wireless applications. While existing passive RF tags often require complex structures or suffer from negative gain in miniaturized designs, this paper presents a single-layer planar meander line antenna that uniquely achieves both miniaturization and positive realized gain, enabling direct integration with nonlinear passive devices for cost-effective RF fingerprinting. We first propose a miniaturized meander line dipole, achieved by two folded arms on two sides of the substrate. This leads to an antenna with a simple feeding structure and compact size, making it ideal for planar integration. Two antennas on Rogers 4350B and ultra-thin flexible Panasonic Felios were fabricated, achieving small size at 0.21×0.06×0.004λ03 and 0.14×0.1×0.0008λ03 with realized gain of 1.87 dBi and 1.46 dBi, respectively. The passive tag consists of the proposed antenna structure and an integrated RF Schottky diode, and is further developed on both substrates, aiming to generate inter-modulation products (IMP) due to the nonlinearity of the diode, which can be used for device identification through classification algorithms. We investigate the nonlinearity of the designed tags for transmission at 15 dBm using two-tone signals. All tags produce a significant increased power at IMP frequencies at a range of 0.4 m. The tags on Rogers substrate provide around 23 dB IMP power increase and tags on flexible substrate embedded in lossy material provide around 16 dB power increase. These findings confirm that the proposed solution offers a simple passive tag design to support unique nonlinear signatures for RF fingerprinting applications in a simple, low-cost device.