Kolb's experiential learning theory emphasizes that effective learning occurs through repeated cycles of a concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. We evaluated this framework in a 15-week cancer survivorship selective with nine medical and three premedical students. Weekly sessions, co-led by the course facilitator and invited guests, paired in-class experiences with reflective homework assignments which tasked learners to develop new concepts in 4 domains: patients/survivors (PS), caregivers' issues (CI), illness experience (IE), and interprofessional care (IPC). Students shared their concepts in the subsequent class and applied them in their next Kolb's cycle. They generated 278 new concepts during the course (PS: 76, CI: 53, IE: 59, and IPC: 90) and applied, on average, ten self-developed concepts on their final assignment. On the immediate post-course survey, 12/12 (100%) students rated the course, and 9/12 students (75%) rated the Kolb's cycle elements within it as extremely/mostly helpful. One year later, all 9 medical students responded to a follow-up survey on the impact of the course on clinical encounters during clerkships. Here, students reported that the course had a significant, lasting impact on their understanding of survivorship issues (7/9) and overall patient management (7/9), with qualitative comments noting a greater understanding of longitudinal survivorship care, holistic awareness, the importance of interprofessional and coordinated care, and improved clinical awareness and communication. Overall, Kolb's experiential learning framework was well-received, enabled learners to effectively develop and apply their own survivorship-related concepts, and showed lasting effect after students transitioned to clinical clerkships.
This study explores the development of moral identity and value systems among entry-level media workers during the formative period of emerging adulthood. Thematic analysis of extensive “life story” structured interviews with newly minted graduates of five journalism and communications programs in the United States (N = 108) focused on responses to specific interview queries regarding ethical challenges. Key themes of challenges involved autonomous agency, transparency/honesty, fairness/justice, ethical cues and modeling, and professional norms and expectations. The analysis suggests patterns in participants’ reliance on a mixture of past experiences, college lessons, and moral principles. These patterns also suggest participants reflected varying levels of moral self-efficacy.
This paper examines the relationship between traditional gold (XAU) and its tokenized counterparts (PAXG and XAUT), providing an empirical assessment of how digital representations of real-world assets align with their underlying benchmarks. Using multi-year time series data, the study evaluates price deviations, tracking accuracy, correlations, and volatility across both weekday-only and 24/7 trading datasets, incorporating weekend effects and crypto-market microstructure. Results show that both tokenized assets exhibit strong long-term alignment with XAU, while short-term divergences arise from continuous crypto trading, liquidity fragmentation, and issuer-specific design features, with XAUT consistently tracking spot gold more closely than PAXG. Building on this analysis, the paper examines the role of tokenized gold within dynamic, smart contract-driven crypto portfolios that also include BTC, ETH, and cash. Portfolio simulations demonstrate that adaptive rebalancing strategies materially improve risk-adjusted performance, with XAUT serving as a stabilizing anchor and cash enabling rapid, automated repositioning during volatility spikes. The findings offer a dual contribution: they clarify the fidelity and market behavior of tokenized gold and provide evidence of its practical utility within automated, on-chain portfolio management, highlighting both its strengths and structural limitations in emerging digital financial systems.
OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the incidence, pathogens, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of neonatal sepsis at a single, level IV, neonatal intensive care unit from 2014 to 2024, and compare results with historical, institutional data. STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective cohort study was undertaken of infants with a documented bloodstream infection from 2014 to 2024. Episodes were documented prospectively, and data were collected retrospectively and assessed via univariate and multiregression analyses. Data were compared between epochs 1 (2004-2013) and 2 (2014-2024) and trends since 1928 analyzed. RESULTS:In total, 250 episodes of sepsis occurred in 233 infants from 2014 to 2024. Early-onset sepsis (EOS) attributed to gram-negative organisms increased in epoch 2, as did identification of historically uncommon organisms associated with EOS. Escherichia coli(E coli)-related EOS increased between epochs in neonates born late preterm and term (13%-36%; 173% increase) and in very low birth weight infants (58%-64%; 10% increase). Although a lower rate of late-onset sepsis (LOS) was observed in epoch 2, mean gestational age was lower and disease severity greater. Forty percent of LOS episodes were attributed to gram-negative bacteria, with an increase noted from 32% of episodes (2014-2019) to 50% (2020-2024). LOS-related mortality increased in epoch 2 (11%-25%; 127% increase), with overall sepsis-related mortality increasing steadily over 3 decades. Predictors of sepsis-related mortality included lower birth weight, need for pressors, concurrent necrotizing enterocolitis, and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS:Pathogen distribution for EOS and LOS revealed a sustained increase in gram-negative organisms, predominantly E coli. This trend coupled with decreasing gestational age and increasing baseline illness severity likely contributed to increased sepsis-related mortality.
Peer victimization among college students is a prevalent phenomenon, with estimates ranging from 43
