Rai Technology University Best Agriculture university .[citation needed] It is located in Doddaballapur Bangalore.
This study evaluated the viability of organic farming in the Upper (UGR), Middle (MGR), and Lower Ganga Regions (LGR) by analysing soil health, nutrient availability, and heavy metal contamination. Using standard protocols, soil samples from 26 locations were examined for heavy metals, nutrients, and physicochemical characteristics. Soil suitability and pollution sources were determined using a Soil Quality Index (SQI), GIS, and unsupervised machine learning. The UGR (0.68–0.75) had the greatest SQI values, suggesting the ideal conditions for organic farming. The LGR had moderate to high SQI with localized contamination threats, while the MGR had the lowest values, indicating substantial soil degradation. Arsenic and lead were identified as the primary causes of soil contamination using Principal Component Analysis, which explained more than 85
An ultrabroadband near-infrared region supercontinuum generation (SCG) is numerically illustrated using a 2 cm-long novel astroid-like-shaped As2S3 core and a Scott N-BK7 background material photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The PCF has a high nonlinear coefficient, γ = 21,917 W−1 km−1, at the pumping wavelength of 1.3 µm. The air holes of PCF are arranged in a hexagonal lattice structure. The generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation is numerically solved using the interaction picture and local error methods to analyze the SCG. The pump wavelength of 1.3 µm is chosen to operate in the anomalous dispersion regime near the zero-dispersion wavelength of 1.2878 µm. A 65 W, 50 fs laser pulse produced a broad SCG spanning 0.91–2.46 µm, with an intensity of -70 dB. SCG intensity of approximately -30 dB is found in the 1.09–1.48 µm wavelength range. The coherence evolution of the SCG spectrum is analyzed using the Gaussian spectrum phase-diffusion model. It was found that coherence gradually became disturbed with increasing pulse width. The SCG demonstrated in this paper, with the astroid-like shaped core, has potential for spectroscopy, metrology, and biosensing applications.
The study's aim was to create a brightness histogram based on the electrical effects of a 1% solution of lavender essential oil dissolved with 5% ethyl alcohol in distilled water compared to a control sample of 5% ethyl alcohol in distilled water. Corona gas discharge (CGD) is a glowing corona with a bluish color that appears because of a high concentration of ions and electrons. The corona discharge is connected to ionization processes in the gas phase, which depend on the electric field and gas composition. CGD occurs in laboratory conditions. Corona can have a positive or negative charge. Both types are used for wastewater cleaning, fruit juice sterilization, surface disinfecting, and medicine. A high-voltage electrode usually ranges from 3 to 30 kV. The frequency range was from 10 to 20 kHz. The electric current is commonly in mA. Ignatov et al. have studied signal power ranges from one to two-tenths of a watt. Antonov et al. have shown that CGD parameters depend on the object's dielectric permittivity, underscoring the importance of this research. The work of Pesotskaya et al. is also of significance to this study. It indicates that BH can be created with black-white registration and that brightness is linked with dielectric permittivity. This finding is particularly relevant to this research about the effects of CGD on lavender oil (LO) from the Lavandula angustifolia mill., as it provided a method for quantifying observed changes in brightness. The formula is Y = C epsilon, where Y is brightness, C is coefficient and epsilon is dielectric permittivity.
Urban parks provide children with essential microbial interaction situations, increasing anthropogenic forces may change the abundance of culturable microorganisms in playground dust. Using culture-based enumeration, this study measured culturable bacteria and fungus in settled dust from kids’ playgrounds in 68 urban parks in Tehran in July and August of 2023. Significant variation in abundance was explained by several linear regression models with continuous predictors (adjusted R² = 0.78 for bacteria, p < 0.001; adjusted R² = 0.75 for fungi, p < 0.001). The strongest positive predictors were larger parks (standardized β = 0.42, p < 0.001 for bacteria; β = 0.31, p = 0.008 for fungi) and higher tree densities (β = 0.25, p = 0.002 for bacteria; β = 0.18, p = 0.040 for fungi). While proximity to commercial centers had a negative impact on cultivable bacterial abundance (β = -0.19, p = 0.024), population density had the biggest negative effect (β = -0.16, p = 0.060 for bacteria; β = -0.29, p < 0.001 for fungi). With bacteria exhibiting more resilience than fungus, these trends suggest that park design can lessen the suppressive impacts of urbanization on microbial ecosystems. The results highlight the possibility of optimized park layout to preserve microbial abundance in playground dust, supporting ecosystem services in dry megacities (UN Sustainable Development Goals 3, 11, and 15).
The functional features of 3D printing surfaces can be controlled by changing the parameters of additive processes. This study investigates the correlations between built-up angle, surface fractal complexity, and wettability in additively manufactured surfaces using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and Multi Jet Printing (MJT). Surface topography was measured using four optical techniques: focus variation, confocal microscopy, confocal fusion, and interferometry, across multiple scales. The study explored linear, logarithmic, and exponential regression models to identify the best correlations and scale of interactions between the built-up angle, surface complexity, and contact angle. It was found that the built-up angle significantly influences surface fractal complexity, with strong correlations (R-2 > 0.85) observed particularly at a scale of around 1100 mu m(2). Confocal fusion offered the best reproducibility of measurements, especially at finer scales (< 100 m(2)). Surface complexity was also found to correlate strongly with wettability, especially at scales around 1000 mu m(2) and under 10 mu m(2), where exponential regression models performed slightly better, particularly for MJT surfaces. Topographic measurement modes are reproducible with slightly better correlation indices for confocal fusion, between built-up angle and surface complexity. The best correlation of built-up angle, surface complexity and contact angle parameters was obtained for linear regression. The results suggest that surface wettability can be controlled by adjusting the built-up angle, with FDM and SLS surfaces transitioning from hydrophobic to hydrophilic as the angle increases beyond 70 degree, while MJT surfaces remained hydrophobic even at higher angles. The built-up angle parameter allows modeling wettability in the range of 80-120 degrees. The study also indicates the superiority of multiscale parameters over conventional topographic characterization methods in describing additively manufactured surfaces.
