Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre (RGCIRC) is a non-profit medical facility and research institute based in Delhi, India specialising in cancer treatment and research. It is one of the largest medical centers for cancer treatment in Asia. RGCIRC is a project of Indraprastha Cancer Society and Research Centre, a not-for-profit public society. The institute was founded in 1996.
Small renal masses (SRMs), defined as renal tumors < 4 cm, are increasingly detected due to the widespread use of imaging modalities. Data from India regarding the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SRMs remain limited. This multi-institutional study led by the Society of Genitourinary Oncologists aims to delineate the demographic, radiological, and pathological profiles of SRMs in the Indian population and evaluate management outcomes following partial nephrectomy. A retrospective analysis was conducted across multiple tertiary care centers in India from January 2013 to December 2022. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with SRMs undergoing partial nephrectomy were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, radiology (including RENAL nephrometry score), intraoperative factors, postoperative outcomes, and histopathology were analyzed. Statistical associations between renal scores, BMI, tumor stage, and histologic type were assessed. A total of 432 patients were analyzed, with a male predominance (76.6
Background: Reporting and Data Systems (RADS) standardize radiology risk communication but automated RADS assignment from narrative reports is challenging because of guideline complexity, output-format constraints, and limited benchmarking across RADS frameworks and model sizes. Purpose: To create RXL-RADSet, a radiologist-verified synthetic multi-RADS benchmark, and compare validity and accuracy of open-weight small language models (SLMs) with a proprietary model for RADS assignment. Materials and Methods: RXL-RADSet contains 1,600 synthetic radiology reports across 10 RADS (BI-RADS, CAD-RADS, GB-RADS, LI-RADS, Lung-RADS, NI-RADS, O-RADS, PI-RADS, TI-RADS, VI-RADS) and multiple modalities. Reports were generated by LLMs using scenario plans and simulated radiologist styles and underwent two-stage radiologist verification. We evaluated 41 quantized SLMs (12 families, 0.135-32B parameters) and GPT-5.2 under a fixed guided prompt. Primary endpoints were validity and accuracy; a secondary analysis compared guided versus zero-shot prompting. Results: Under guided prompting GPT-5.2 achieved 99.8
Histopathologically detected extranodal extension leads to upstaging and treatment escalation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. There is considerable variation in the prevalence of histopathologically detected extranodal extension in comparable studies. The Head and Neck Cancer International Group, which includes 23 organisations managing patients with head and neck cancer, identified several challenges in evaluating histopathologically detected extranodal extension. Thus, the Head and Neck Consensus Language for Ease and Reproducibility (HN-CLEAR) and its global stakeholders prioritised developing diagnostic criteria and uniform terminology for histopathologically detected extranodal extension. The histopathologically detected extranodal extension working group established by WHO, International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting, American Joint Committee on Cancer, Union for International Cancer Control, North American Society of Head and Neck Pathology, and American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology committees undertook consensus deliberations using scanned whole slides and a PRISMA literature review-based scoping questionnaire. The guidelines were tested by 30 additional pathologists across six continents and strengthened with prescriptive diagnostic criteria and unifying terminology based on the inter-rater concordance analyses. This Review generates practically useful consensus diagnostic recommendations and aligned terminology for addressing the gaps in the histopathologically detected extranodal extension literature. The recommendations can be used globally and cater to all levels of medical resources, practices, and experiences, thus ensuring equitable patient care.
BACKGROUND:Gallbladder carcinoma has dismal prognosis with <20 % resectability at presentation. The role of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains undefined. METHODS:This is a prospective single center study of 226 gallbladder carcinoma patients receiving NACT. Gemcitabine-platinum combinations were administered followed by response assessment. Primary endpoints included resectability and survival outcomes. RESULTS:Of 226 patients, 135 (59.7 %) completed NACT. Intention-to-treat resection rate was 36.2 % (82/226), increasing to 60.7 % (82/135) among treatment completers. R0 resection achieved in 95.1 % (78/82). Grade ≥3 toxicity occurred in 9.7 % with 1.7 % treatment-related mortality. Median overall survival: 27 months (resectable) versus 13 months (unresectable) (p < 0.001). Two-year overall survival: 62.1 % versus 31.4 % respectively. Perioperative mortality: 3.7 %; major morbidity: 13.5 %. Incidental gallbladder cancer showed higher resectability (44.1 % vs 33.7 %) with 2-year overall survival 75 % versus 55.6 %. Multivariate analysis identified resectability (HR 2.714, p = 0.0002), perineural invasion (HR 2.986, p = 0.018), and advanced T-stage (HR 1.940, p = 0.041) as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS:NACT enables curative resection in 60.7 % completing treatment with acceptable toxicity, supporting incorporation into treatment algorithms for locally advanced gallbladder cancer.
Problem:The clinical feasibility, dosimetric reproducibility, and in vivo accuracy of a tomotherapy-based total-body irradiation (TBI) protocol in a large cohort of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is evaluated. Methods:Patients (128 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing TBI with helical tomotherapy) were simulated in dual orientations (head-first and feet-first supine) to accommodate extended anatomical lengths. Plans were generated as separate upper and lower components with structured gradient overlap zones and then composited for delivery. Quality assurance included an ArcCHECK 3D diode array for patient-specific gamma analysis (3%/3 mm criteria), point-dose verification, and in vivo dosimetry. The gamma pass rates, regional dose deviations, and Pearson correlation coefficients were analyzed. Statistical evaluation was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene's test, and ANOVA. Results:All treatment plans met the institutional constraints for planning target volume (PTV) coverage and organs at risk sparing. The mean D95% of the PTV consistently exceeded 95% of the prescribed dose, ensuring robust target coverage. This reflects excellent conformity with the planned dose distribution. Region-wise gamma pass rates exceeded 97% in all areas except junctions, where rates were slightly lower owing to dose gradients. The point-dose agreement showed tight clustering within the ±3% range, with the pelvis exhibiting the most significant positive shift. The in vivo optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter dose remained within the clinically acceptable range of 0.8-1.2 Gy. A strong interregional correlation (r > 0.90) was observed, confirming reproducibility. ANOVA identified statistically significant but clinically acceptable regional dose variations (p = 0.030). Conclusion:Tomotherapy-based TBI demonstrated high dosimetric precision, reproducibility, and workflow efficiency. This protocol offers a clinically reliable approach for modern TBI delivery in transplant conditioning.
