Energy efficiency is crucial for the green transition in buildings [...]
This study was based on estimation and quantification of fugitive methane emissions from a 170,000 km gas distribution network in Italy, following the OGMP 2.0 Standard. Commissioned by a major gas company, the project covered the period 2021-2023. The key objectives of the activity carried out was to report methane emissions following the OGMP 2.0 framework, develop an advanced emissions estimation model and create a roadmap for achieving the "Gold Standard." This study highlights the critical issues encountered in selecting the appropriate measurement technologies and data processing methodologies and analyzes the applied solutions, also identifying possible ideas for future improvement. The methodology involved the analysis of technical documentation and client data to report methane emissions following the OGMP 2.0 Level 3. An advanced estimation model was developed based on field data from a "site-level provider" to determine emission factors for distribution pipelines. Field campaigns using "bagging method" and portable gas detectors were conducted to quantify emissions, ensuring compliance with Level 3 standards and results compared with vehicle-based leaks detection (site Level monitoring). The study highlighted the challenges of monitoring methane emissions in gas distribution networks, where fugitive leaks can also be due to corrosion phenomena of the pipelines. The results of this study represented an advancement in the precise quantification and management of methane emissions within the client's extensive gas distribution network. The results concerned three different aspects: emission estimates methodology, comparison of measurement methods/technologies and statistical analysis. The correlation of the results obtained for all the mentioned aspects provided useful insights into how to apply technologies, the reliability of data aggregation, and how to potentially improve in the future with dedicated experimental studies. This study offered novel contributions by developing a tailored analytical model for methane emissions in a complex gas distribution network, applying OGMP 2.0 standards to a real-world scenario in Italy. It integrated a comparative analysis between different technologies, providing valuable insights. The findings emphasized the importance of precise quantification, continuous improvement, and innovation in methane emissions management, supporting global efforts to mitigate climate change impacts.
Carbon capture and sequestration (CCUS) is essential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A critical challenge in CCUS is transporting carbon dioxide (CO2) via pipelines while mitigating corrosion and cracking risks caused by impurities such as water (H2O), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).1 This study evaluates the performance of 316L, 22Cr, S13Cr-110, 6Mo stainless steels, and 625 nickel alloy under these conditions. Oxygen presence significantly influences corrosion, particularly at the H2O/CO2 interface.2 High-PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) materials like 6Mo, 22Cr DSS, and Alloy 625 demonstrate superior resistance, making them preferable choices for CO2 transport applications.
