Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Lanthanide-based metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) provide a structurally precise platform for upconversion luminescence engineering, yet practical applications are limited by insufficient structural stability, restricted color tunability, and the lack of excitation in the NIR-III window. Here, we report a MOF incorporating mixed-lanthanide Yb3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ ions that addresses these challenges. The optically transparent and periodic framework enforces a uniform spatial distribution of lanthanide centers and establishes stepwise interionic energy transfer pathways, while ether-containing organic linkers enhance photo and thermal stability. Under NIR-I (980 nm) excitation, the Ln-MOFs exhibit tunable multicolor upconversion emission with high hydrolytic stability and biocompatibility, enabling reliable in vivo imaging in zebrafish models. Remarkably, under NIR-III (1960 nm) excitation, a four-photon upconversion process is observed for the first time in Ln-MOFs. Together, these results expand the excitation landscape of Ln-MOFs from NIR-I to NIR-III and confirm the potential of structurally programmable Ln-MOFs for bioimaging and nonlinear photonic applications.

Despite progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diseases, the dominant paradigm in explaining pathogenesis remains the concept of a pathogen’s direct damaging effect on parenchymal cells. Based on years of research, the authors of this article propose a revision of traditional views on disease pathogenesis. We emphasize the pivotal role of the microvasculature. Existing morphological studies provide insufficient insight into the role of these structures in the development of the pathological process. We conducted a search in international databases to find literary sources current as of December 2025. As an evidence base for the presented concept, we used the results of our own studies published from 1989 to the present. Data from the literature on non-infectious diseases are also separately presented. Our novel data from investigation of infectious and non-infectious diseases demonstrate that even in the initial stages of a pathological process, the microvessels of organs become the primary target of damage. The cascade of pronounced changes in parenchymal cells triggered by this initial event determines the development of the disease. The work examines the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction between microvessels, pathogens, and the surrounding tissue. The proposed concept provides an objective and fundamentally new explanation for known facts. An important contribution of this concept is its potential to reveal promising directions for further research and for developing innovative approaches to disease therapy.

The study and management of asthenic disorders remain significant challenges for clinicians across multiple medical specialties, including neurology and pediatrics. Asthenia is a nonspecific syndrome that may manifest in a range of neuropsychiatric and somatic conditions during childhood. This article provides a comprehensive review of scientific literature addressing asthenic disorders in pediatric populations. Particular attention is given to somatic and neurological symptoms prompting consultation with neurologists and pediatricians, such as abnormal fatigue, irritability, reduced performance, shortened nocturnal sleep, and impaired sleep quality. Effective treatment of asthenic disorders requires a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates a balanced sleep-wake schedule, dietary modifications, psychotherapy, and evidence-based pharmacotherapy. The article also presents clinical cases of psychogenic, cerebrogenic, and somatic asthenia in children, including an evaluation of the efficacy of citrulline malate (Stimol®). Clinical case 1: A 15-year-old patient diagnosed with moderate psychogenic asthenia, characterized by increased fatigue, daytime sleepiness, emotional lability, heightened anxiety, and reduced performance. Clinical case 2: A 9-year-old patient was diagnosed with cerebrogenic asthenia, presenting with attention deficits, impaired attention switching, emotional-volitional disturbances, increased mental fatigability, and emotional lability. Clinical case 3: A 12-year-old patient with a history of closed traumatic brain injury three months prior to treatment, diagnosed with asthenic-neurotic syndrome and cerebrogenic asthenia. The patient exhibited persistent fatigue, declining attention and memory, and a progressive decrease in overall performance. Clinical case 4: an 8-year-old patient diagnosed with postinfectious asthenia with persistent fatigue, drowsiness, and decreased performance. All patients received a course of Stimol® at a dosage of 2 g per day [one sachet (1 g) twice daily for 12 days]. Following treatment, patients reported symptomatic improvement and a reduction in asthenic manifestations.

Aim. To assess the level and dynamics of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in a long-term care facility, analyze modern methods of preventing community-acquired pneumonia, and propose the inclusion of a respiratory tract cleaning system in the program for preventing infectious respiratory diseases among individuals residing in residential social services facilities. Material and methods. The study materials included data from an annual analysis of the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia among residents of the St. Petersburg Residential Facility for the Disabled and Elderly No. 1. The study also included the results of vaccination against pneumococcal infection and seasonal influenza among residents from 2020 to 2024, as well as the results of a single-center comparative observational study on the effectiveness of forced high-frequency low-amplitude oscillations of the chest walls. The study included 26 patients. The methods used include dispersion analysis, data extraction, analysis and generalization, and statistical data processing. Results. The results of preventive vaccination against pneumococcal infection and seasonal influenza do not allow for a radical solution to the problem of community-acquired pneumonia in social service homes. This situation necessitates the search for additional methods of preventing community-acquired pneumonia, aimed both at improving the health of the residents themselves and at additional air purification and limiting interpersonal contact. Physiotherapy support using forced high-frequency low-amplitude oscillations of the chest wall walls does not cause significant side effects and increases the level of saturation and improves the subjective condition. The use of antibacterial curtains to create personal space is a promising additional method for reducing the circulation of pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated infections. The use of air purifiers that combine ultrafiltration and UV air treatment not only reduces the number of microorganisms per unit volume, but also eliminates unpleasant odors. Conclusion. Due to the fact that community-acquired pneumonia continues to be a serious problem for long-term care facilities, it is necessary to improve the prevention programs for this disease. In addition to preventive vaccination against pneumococcal infection and seasonal influenza, it is necessary to implement measures to limit the intensity of contact between residents, along with air disinfection. It is also important to use physical and rehabilitation medicine techniques aimed at improving the drainage function of the bronchi and increasing overall physical activity. Keywords: long-term care, community-acquired pneumonia, prevention, elderly and senile

Введение.Для сохранения здоровья спортсменов наибольшую актуальность приобретает разработка и внедрение в тренировочный процесс современных высокоэффективных средств восстановления и стимуляции адаптивных возможностей организма. Цель исследования—разработать курс физиотерапии, включающий абдоминальную декомпрессию и общую воздушную криостимуляцию, и обосновать возможность его применения для интенсификации тренировочного процесса и адекватного восстановления. Материалы и методы.Проведено простое, открытое в параллельных группах сравнительное проспективное рандомизированное исследование. В исследование включены 34 спортсмена, мужчины, представители гребных видов спорта, возраст — 16–20 лет. Методом «конвертов» спортсмены были разделены на две группы по 17 человек в каждой. Основной группе проводился сеанс криостимуляции в криосауне ICEQUEEN и сеанс абдоминальной декомпрессии на аппарате КАД-01-АКЦ «НАДЕЖДА» в течение 10 дней. В группе сравнения криостимуляция и абдоминальная декомпрессия не проводились. В начале исследования и через 10 дней проводилось определение в крови общей и эффективной концентрации альбумина с расчетом резерва связывания альбумина, креатинфосфокиназы, аспартатаминотрансферазы, аланинаминотрансферазы, мочевины, кортизола и тестостерона с расчетом индекса анаболизма, уровня лактата. Проводили функциональные пробы (пробу Штанге, пробу Ромберга), рассчитывали коэффициент экономичности кровообращения. Результаты и обсуждение.Под действием предложенного курса в крови произошло снижение креатининфосфокиназы, аспартатаминотрансферазы и лактата на фоне повышения резерва связывания альбуминов. Не произошло снижения индекса анаболизма и повышения уровня мочевины, имевшее место в группе сравнения. Отмечено снижение коэффициента экономичности кровообращения и повышениевестибулярнойустойчивости относительно группы сравнения. Выводы.Выявленные позитивные тенденции в нормализации метаболизма, снижении перенапряжения мышц и детоксикации на фоне хороших результатов функциональных проб дают возможность рекомендовать применение у спортсменов курса, включающего использование абдоминальной декомпрессии для постнагрузочного восстановления и криостимуляции для интенсификации тренировочного процесса без повышения объема тренировочных нагрузок. Background.To maintain the health of athletes, the development and implementation of modern, highly effective means of recovery and stimulation of the body's adaptive capabilities into the training process is of the utmost importance. The aim of the studyto develop a physiotherapy course including abdominal decompression and general air cryostimulation, and to substantiate the possibility of its use for intensifying the training process and adequate recovery. Materials and methods.A simple, open-label, comparative, prospective, randomized study was conducted in parallel groups. The study included 34 male athletes, representatives of rowing sports, aged 16–20 years. Using the “envelope” method, the athletes were divided into two groups of 17 people each. The main group underwent a cryostimulation session in the ICEQUEEN cryosauna and an abdominal decompression session on the KAD-01-ACC “NADEZHDA” device for 10 days. Cryostimulation and abdominal decompression were not performed in the comparison group. At the beginning of the study and after 10 days, the total and effective concentration of albumin in the blood was determined with the calculation of the reserve binding of albumin, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, cortisol and testosterone with the calculation of the anabolism index, lactate levels. Functional tests were carried out: Stange's test, Romberg's test, and the circulatory efficiency coefficient was calculated. Results and discussion.Under the influence of the proposed course, there was a decrease in creatinine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate, against the background of an increase in the albumin binding reserve. There was no decrease in the anabolic index and an increase in the urea level, which occurred in the comparison group. A decrease in the coefficient of circulatory efficiency and an increase investibularresistance relative to the comparison group were noted. Conclusion.The positive trends identified in metabolic normalization, reduction of muscle strain, and detoxification, coupled with good functional test results, suggest a program for athletes that includes abdominal decompression for post-exercise recovery and cryostimulation to intensify training without increasing training volume.