In this study, it was aimed to clarify opportunity and motivation for applying for the long-term physical education teacher education program. Subjects were 8 teachers who have applied for it. Half structured interviews were conducted 2 times for each subject. The first interview aimed to ask their motivation and opportunity, and second interview focused on the process of making motivation for implementing physical education and opportunity for it. Interview was documented and analyzed through constant comparison. As the result, opportunity for applying for the program and motivating factors includes not only individual factors such as motivation in teaching in physical education, but also encouragement from others such as administrative people. And both of them have played important roles. It is because, for the middle standing teachers, the program was working as the steps for employing to administrative positions. In addition, subjects were categorized into 3 types according to perspective of the process of making motivation for applying to the program via their commitment and support for the application to the program. This result has suggested the important role of support from administrative people to motivate teachers for applying for long-term physical education teacher education program. At the same time, it suggests the importance of procedure to encourage teacher development based on their individual needs and situation they have faced.
Recently, many systems have been developed for supporting novice and/or beginner pianists. Even though these systems use a set of per- formance data, they cannot properly evaluate performance proficiency because a procedure for calculating proficiency has not been proposed. To solve this problem, we have developed an evaluation model by intro- ducing a spline curve or regression curve, assuming it to be a standard for evaluating proficiency for scale performances from an aesthetic view- point. This paper introduces other models for evaluation, comprised of a standard curve for evaluating a piano performance. Curves used are (1) a spline curve and (2) regression curves using n-dimensional models (18n810). Investigated here is the effectiveness of the curves, so as to de- termine a better curve for automatically evaluating performance. As a re- sult, correlation coefficients between scores predicted by the spline curve model and evaluation scores by experts were 0.65, whereas the average of correlation coefficients between scores predicted by regression curves models and evaluation scores by experts was 0.58. In other words, a cor- relation coefficient of the spline curve model is confirmed to be higher than those of regression curve models. Therefore, it was confirmed that the spline curve model is more effective than n-dimensional curves at automatically evaluating performance.
A cross-sectional study on 468 males (aged 20-59) was conducted to investigate the relationship between their dietary characteristics and frequency of eating out. The frequency of eating out was categorized into three groups, namely ≥1 time per day, 2-6 times per week, and ≤1 time per week. The effect of nutritional labeling on the subjects' dietary awareness when eating out was also investigated. Those with a high eating-out frequency tended to have significantly more undesirable dietary habits. This was evident from the lower averages of three ratings, i. e., the balance score, vegetable score, and dietary habit score. These three scores were improved in the group with an eating-out frequency of ≥2 times per week when the subjects paid attention to and used nutrition labels. On the other hand, such an improvement was not clearly evident for those who had a low eating-out frequency. The use of nutritional labeling was therefore found to be effective for improving the general dietary habits of those whose eating-out frequency was high.
An equation of rejection curve was derived for a membrane system where the membrane charge strongly affected the partition of ions into the membrane surface. The equation predicted that the rejection varied linearly with the inverse of the volume flow. The equation was applied to the experimental data. As the result, it was shown that the equation was fit with experimental data very well. In addition, it was also shown that the ion flux due to the ion migration and the ion flux due to the solvent drag are obtained separately from the analysis of the rejection curve with the equation.
