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This study focuses on the solid phase extraction of biogenic amines (BAs) using a sol-gel adsorbent immobilized with a hydrazone ligand, named 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. The hydrazone compound was synthesized and characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The efficiency of the sorbent material for extracting BAs was evaluated using the solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Key experimental parameters affecting BA extraction, including pH, equilibrium time, ligand concentration, and biogenic amine (BA) concentration, were systematically investigated. The results indicated a strong recovery of BAs from aqueous samples, demonstrating a significant affinity between the sol-gel matrix containing the hydrazone ligand and the target analytes. The findings demonstrate that incorporating the hydrazone ligand resulted in a marked enhancement of extraction efficiency at a concentation of 17 & times; 10(-3) M. Notably, the method exhibited high selectivity for aliphatic biogenic amines such as putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD), and spermidine (SPD). This extraction method was successfully applied to food samples, yielding good recovery rates.
. This work proposes an accurate, sensitive, and simple spectrophotometric method for determining paracetamol (PCM) in its pharmaceutical formulation. The method is based on the derivatization of PCM using the amino acids tyrosine and alanine as coupling reagents in diazotization reactions. All the reaction conditions were optimized, including the concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), derivatization duration, and quantities of amino acids. The reaction was successfully promoted, and the mechanism was postulated. PCM was derivatized by producing a yellow-coloured azo dye. The assay exhibited remarkable linearity within the 2-30 & micro;g mL-1 concentration range. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.2664 and 1.737 & micro;g mL-1, and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 3.838 and 5.264 & micro;g mL-1 for alanine and tyrosine, respectively. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, and recovery, with relative standard deviation (%RSD) values less than 2 and percentage recoveries ranging from 97.9% to 106.1%. The method has been successfully applied to quantify PCM in five commercial formulations.
A polyethylene/acrylic copolymer was synthesized using a grafting technique with benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst and xylene as a solvent. Acrylic acid (AA) was grafted onto polyethylene (PE) in a 1:5 ratio. The resulting grafted copolymer, characterized by FTIR, was blended with rice straw at varying percentages of 3%, 5%, and 7% to produce biodegradable films. The properties of these films in water were evaluated through analyses of viscosity, tensile strength, elongation at break, water contact angle, and solubility. Incorporating rice straw enhanced the grafted copolymer's biodegradability, resulting in increased viscosity, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the films, while reducing the water contact angle and solubility. However, incorporating 7% rice straw in the grafted copolymer-based on PE (1.0%) and AA (5.0%) resulted in increases in viscosity, tensile strength, and elongation at break by 29.5%, 46.1%, and 9.6%, respectively, while reducing the contact angle and biodegradability solubility time at 45°C by 25.8%.
Breast cancer is a complicated and multidimensional disease that has emerged as one of the world's top causes of death for women, which emphasises the significance of developing novel and efficient treatments. Molecular docking has become an essential part of drug discovery and facilitating the identification of possibilities of therapeutic agents, as it predicts the binding affinities of the therapeutic agents to the target proteins. A molecular docking analysis of 10 bioactive compounds of Lepidium sativum with the target protein of tyrosine kinase (Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 1M17) was done using AutoDock Vina to identify potential breast cancer inhibitors. The top 4 compounds identified that displayed high binding affinity to the target breast cancer protein were stigmasterol (-9.6 kcal/mol), 1,3-dibenzyl-1,3-bis[(1R)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-ethyl]urea (-8.4 kcal/mol), semilepidinside (-7.7 kcal/mol), and delta-tocopherol (-7.4 kcal/mol). Through detailed analysis of binding poses, the molecular interaction reveals that these compounds exhibited different interactions such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the essential amino acids in the binding pocket. These results propose the identified phytochemicals in Lepidium sativum as possible potential candidates as breast cancer inhibitors. Nevertheless, additional in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to confirm those computational results and investigate their therapeutic possibilities.
K.Geetha & M.Vigneshwaran (2016) [ 5] introduced and studied the concept of contra p*gα continuous function and strongly p*gα closed function. In this paper ,we used these functions to study the concept of cleavability over these special topological spaces (P ultra Hausdorff , P-normal , Strongly compact , P-Ts , strongly p*gα-closed) spaces.as following : 1- If is a class of topological spaces with certain properties and if is cleavable over then 2- If is a class of topological spaces with certain properties and if Y is cleavable over then Y . 3- If is a class of topological spaces with certain properties and if Y is cleavable over then .
