For the quiver Hecke algebra R, let R-gmod be the category of finite-dimensional graded R-modules, and let R-gmod˜[w] be the localization of R-gmod. Kashiwara and the second author showed the set of equivalence classes of simple objects up to grading shifts Irr(R-gmod˜[w]) in R-gmod˜[w] has a crystal structure, and Irr(R-gmod˜[w]) is isomorphic to the so-called cellular crystal Bi. This isomorphism induces a function εi⁎ on Bi. We give an explicit formula for εi⁎, and use it to characterize the unit object of R-gmod˜[w0] for the case of classical finite types.
Agricultural methane emissions represent a significant contributor to global climate change, with irrigated rice cultivation being one of the primary sources. Despite the availability of effective mitigation technologies, their adoption often remains limited due to behavioural and institutional constraints. Water management practice that extends drainage periods during cultivation can curb methane emissions from irrigated rice at low cost, yet uptake among Japanese farmers remains modest. We surveyed 2219 rice producers in Shiga Prefecture using a labelled choice experiment that embedded two behavioural nudges (social norm and loss aversion) and one informational boost (knowledge enhancement), presented with or without a reminder. Farmers most favoured a 7-day drainage extension. Social-norm messages did not robustly shift adoption intentions, but loss-aversion and knowledge enhancement paired with reminders increased the probability of choosing water management practice by 5-10 percentage points, particularly when financial incentives were modest. The added value of nudges and boosts faded once subsidies approached prevailing ceiling levels, suggesting diminishing marginal returns to stacking instruments. These findings suggest that timely, low-cost behavioural interventions can effectively complement agri-environmental payments in resource-constrained settings, providing a scalable and context-sensitive strategy to accelerate the adoption of climate-smart rice practices.
A novel multidentate ligand with an O,N,O-tridentate ligand moiety and an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) was synthesized. Its palladium complex, in which the NHC part coordinates to the palladium atom, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The O,N,O-part coordinated to an early transition metal such as titanium. The Ti-Pd heterobimetallic complex was observed in solution.
We investigated the optical properties of a lead-iodide 2D perovskite, ( C 12 H 25 N H 3 ) 2 P b I 4 , incorporating a fullerene derivative in its organic barrier layers. The observation of distinct exciton peaks confirmed that the 2D layered structure was maintained even after fullerene intercalation. Furthermore, time-resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the exciton lifetime shortened with increasing fullerene content. This reduction in lifetime suggests the possibility that the intercalated fullerenes extract electrons from the inorganic quantum wells. These findings provide useful insights for the design of functional perovskite optoelectronic materials.
Topological photonic crystals (PhCs) enable robust, unidirectional light propagation that is insensitive to sharp bends and structural defects. The photonic bandgap wavelength strongly depends on structural parameters and is typically evaluated using computationally intensive three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulations. We investigate a quantum spin Hall-type GaN visible membrane topological PhC with a modulated honeycomb lattice and analyze how the overlap between the bandgap at the Gamma point and the Gamma-M band influences edge-mode propagation. We show that the presence of edge modes is closely related to the formation of a global bandgap (GBG). To accelerate bandgap prediction, we develop a machine-learning model that uses geometric parameters as inputs and the GBG wavelength as the output, trained on a dataset generated by 3D-FDTD simulations. A linear regression model with nonlinear terms achieves high accuracy and agrees well with experimental results, and we provide design guidelines for shortening the GBG wavelength for visible-light devices.
