Mental imagery is a simulation process, yet its representational format is rarely measured in moral cognition. We tested whether spontaneously adopted imagery perspective (first- vs. third-person) and imagery vividness relate to moral evaluation in trolley dilemmas. In an online sample (N = 156), participants read either a switch or footbridge scenario, judged moral acceptability and willingness to act (order randomized), and after each judgment reported imagery vividness (1-6; including a "no imagery" option) and perspective. We replicated the classic asymmetry: acceptability and willingness were far higher in the switch than the footbridge dilemma. Imagery perspective was largely consistent within persons across the two judgments, indicating a stable simulation stance. In the footbridge dilemma, third-person simulation was associated with higher moral acceptability than first-person simulation, whereas no association emerged in the switch dilemma; perspective did not meaningfully alter willingness to act. Vividness showed no robust scenario differences, but action-related imagery was more vivid than judgment-related imagery, and some participants reported no visual imagery for at least one judgment. These findings identify reported representational perspective as a relevant marker of mental simulation during moral evaluation, while leaving open whether perspective guides judgment formation or is reconstructed after the judgment.
Liquid cooling is a crucial method for mitigating runaway battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Among the various factors that influence the effectiveness of liquid cooling, the coolant inlet temperature (CIT) of the coolant plays a crucial role. This study investigates the impact of CIT on BTMS under low flow velocity conditions (0.1 m/s). Under the condition of constant flow rate and a fixed battery heat generation model, the three CIT levels (280 K, 290 K, and 300 K) were analyzed. At CIT levels of 280 K, 290 K, and 300 K, the peak battery temperatures were 303 K, 309 K, and 314 K, respectively, while the minimum temperatures (at the cold plate interface) were 280 K, 290 K, and 300 K, respectively. Results indicate that in the designed cold-plate structure, lowering CIT enhances local heat extraction near the cooling plate but exacerbates thermal inhomogeneity within the battery module. We suggest selecting a CIT of 290 K to achieve the dual objectives of mitigating thermal stress risk and ensuring effective heat dissipation.
Der Beitrag beleuchtet Gewalt im Amateurfußball als körperliche Angriffe oder Bedrohungen rund um Spiele und spielfeldnahe Situationen. Er ordnet das Thema in gesellschaftliche und verbandliche Entwicklungen ein und zeigt, wie Emotionen, Statuskonflikte und Rollenbilder von Spieler:innen, Trainer:innen, Zuschauer:innen und Offiziellen Eskalationen begünstigen können. Nach einem Überblick zu Befunden, Definitionsproblemen und DFB-Instrumenten (Meldekategorien, Kapitänsregel, STOPP-Konzept) werden Präventionslogiken von primär bis tertiär eingeordnet und mit sozialarbeiterischen Mikro-, Meso- und Makroebenen verknüpft. Im Zentrum steht die AG „Gewaltprävention“ des Fußballkreises Dortmund: Alle Sportgerichtsfälle fließen in ein Punktesystem, das pro Halbserie die fünf auffälligsten Vereine identifiziert. Mit deren Vorständen werden in strukturierten Gesprächen Ursachen analysiert, Ziele nach der SMART-Methode festgelegt und passende Maßnahmen abgeleitet, begleitet und nachverfolgt. Abschließend diskutiert der Text Grenzen, Arbeitsaufwand und Evaluationsbedarf, betont aber den Innovationskern: partnerschaftliche Verantwortungsübernahme im Verein statt reiner Täter:innenfokussierung. Das Dortmunder Modell verbindet Daten, Beratung und Qualifizierung und lädt Vereine ein, Kultur und Strukturen konsequent nachhaltig zu verändern.
Faithfulness to supplied information is not uniform in large language models: some rules, thresholds, or features shape outputs correctly while others do not, with nothing in a model's own explanations distinguishing the two. An industrial classification task motivates this observation, where supplying a classifier's exact decision thresholds improved accuracy while degrading minority-class recall, raising the question of where such failures occur. Because that setting involved a closed model and proprietary data, the same question is examined in two domains: airline baggage fee and tax calculation. Across domains, models reliably handle directly available values but fail when a known fact must be transformed into a new value through a rule-conditioned lookup, points named here as derivation boundaries. Two error patterns recur there: misassignment, in which a valid value is assigned to the wrong side of a rule boundary, and fabrication, in which a value unsupported by the rules is introduced and justified as though retrieved correctly. Layer-wise analysis using the logit lens suggests a mechanistic explanation. Directly available values stabilize early, whereas boundary-dependent values commit later and less stably, with correct alternatives often remaining competitive until the final layers. Faithfulness failures concentrate at derivation boundaries rather than spreading uniformly, a pattern layer-wise analysis links to delayed internal resolution.
Quantum computing threatens conventional cryptography, necessitating physically-grounded security primitives. We present magnetic vortex nanodisk arrays as high-entropy Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). Each nanodisk encodes binary chirality and polarity states via Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert dynamics, providing 2 N entropy bits for N disks. Substrate defects deterministically modulate spin wave propagation for device-bound encryption. The framework exhibits modeling resistance through nonlinear dynamics, cloning resistance via atomic-scale variations, and quantum resistance through absence of algorithmic structure, yielding practical post-quantum cryptographic primitives.
