St. John's Medical College is a private medical college and hospital situated in Bangalore, India. It is part of the St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences run by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India. It was established in 1963. The college annually accepts 150 students for the MBBS undergraduate course based on a national entrance exam. It also accepts 100 postgraduate students (80 MD & 20 Diploma) to a number of medical specialties. The college culfest Autumn Muse is one of the oldest in South India.
This review aims to systematically evaluate the environmental impacts of key cardiac imaging modalities, identify current operational practices that disproportionately contribute to the carbon footprint, and propose evidence-based strategies to optimize imaging protocols for climate sustainability while preserving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. There has been a significant increase in the utilization of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) which comes with an unacknowledged cost to our environment with respect to carbon footprint, energy consumption and barriers to safe disposal of contrast agents. However, we are yet to incorporate environmental sustainability metrics in our major diagnostic guidelines. In CMR, protocol refinements such as limiting the number of localizing images, using specific faster mapping sequence and optimizing protocols such that cine SSFP can be moved into the contrast wait period can lower energy use and scan time. PET/SPECT/CT sustainability is enhanced by stress-first protocols, tailoring CT dose to clinical need, and promoting circular manufacturing of scanners and cyclotron components. In echocardiography, the major opportunity lies in redesigning ultrasound contrast agent packaging to enable multi-dose use, minimizing single-use plastic waste. Collectively, climate-conscious imaging is achievable by powering down devices, integrating the use of sustainability index, utilizing green data storage centers and optimizing protocols and machines both of the acquisition and vendor side. Future research should quantify the environmental savings of these strategies and support scalable implementation across diverse practice settings.
Abstract Background Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are rare congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, or structure of coronary arteries. While often incidental, some variants have clinical and procedural implications. With the increasing use of computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA), more anomalies are being detected, yet large-scale data from India remain limited. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence, anatomical patterns, and clinical relevance of CAAs over a 12-year period using CTCA at a high-volume tertiary cardiac center in India. Methods In this retrospective study, 20,243 consecutive patients undergoing multidetector CTCA between January 2011 and October 2023 were analyzed. Coronary anomalies were categorized into myocardial bridging (MB) and non-MB types based on Angelini’s classification. Each scan was independently reviewed by both a radiologist and a cardiologist. Results Coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) were identified in 1513 patients (overall prevalence 7.5%), largely driven by myocardial bridging (MB). When MB was excluded, the prevalence of non-bridging anomalies was 0.9% (n = 183), including both isolated and combined cases. Isolated myocardial bridging was the most common finding, identified in 1330 patients (87.9%), predominantly involving the mid-segment of the left anterior descending artery. Isolated non-bridging anomalies were observed in 171 patients, while 12 patients had combined MB and non-MB anomalies. Among non-bridging anomalies, the most frequent included anomalous right coronary artery origin from the left sinus with an interarterial course (26.9%), retroaortic left circumflex artery (9.9%), separate origins of the LAD and LCX (8.8%), and high take-off anomalies (7.6%). Most anomalies were classified according to Angelini’s framework, with a small subset remaining unclassified due to atypical anatomical presentations. Conclusions This 12-year retrospective cross-sectional study represents one of the largest single-center CTCA-based datasets on coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) globally. The findings highlight the utility of CTCA in detecting and characterizing both benign and potentially significant anomalies. The anatomical insights derived from this cohort have direct clinical relevance, aiding interventional cardiologists in procedural planning and risk stratification. Future multicenter studies are warranted to further refine diagnostic algorithms and management strategies across diverse populations.
To measure and study the associations between body and hepatic fat and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors, in apparently healthy Indian adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, anthropometry and CMR factors (glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, seated blood pressure measurement) were measured in apparently healthy Indian adolescents aged 11–16 years. Hepatic fat was measured by MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF) using a 3.0 T system (GE Signa Architect). Whole-body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Forty adolescents (24 boys) with a mean (SD) age of 14.3 (1.5) years were enrolled. At least one CMR factor was seen in 32.5
Carbohydrate counting is a vital meal-planning approach to manage patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen. This method involves identifying the amount of carbohydrates in meals and its impact on blood sugar levels in T1DM patients. Objective To assess the impact of carbohydrate counting and a standard diabetic diet on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with T1DM.Please provide objective separately after the background. To assess the impact of carbohydrate counting and a standard diabetic diet on the glycemic control of children and adolescents with T1DM. A Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted with 100 subjects (CG n = 50, IG n = 50) aged 6 to 18 years. The control group followed a standard diet pattern, while the intervention group adopted the carbohydrate-counting method for six months. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical profiles (FBS and PPBS, HbA1c), and daily insulin requirements were recorded at baseline and after the intervention for both groups. Descriptive statistics and parametric tests were utilized for data analysis and interpretation. The demographic variables of both groups exhibited similar distributions. The intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in mean HbA1c levels [Baseline-(10.6 ± 3.0), end of 6 months- (8.4 ± 1.5), P < 0.00001] compared to the control group. Mean values of bolus insulin were lower in the intervention group, whereas in the control group, it remained the same. While both groups exhibited decreasing trends in mean FBS and PPBS levels, the intervention group showed a more pronounced reduction; however, statistical significance was not achieved. The intervention group showed a significant improvement in HbA1c levels, indicating improved glycemic control. These findings highlight the importance of individualised nutrition therapy in managing Type 1 diabetes in paediatric populations.
Aplastic anaemia (AA) is a rare bone marrow failure disorder with a notably higher incidence in Asian populations, including India. Due to limited access to bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in resource-limited settings, immunosuppressive therapy (IST) remains the mainstay of treatment. However, the optimal combination of available IST regimens in low-resource environments remains uncertain. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various immunosuppressive strategies—particularly equine antithymocyte globulin (eATG) combined with cyclosporine A (CSA), with or without eltrombopag (EPAG), as well as CSA and anabolic steroids-based monotherapies, for the treatment of AA in Indian patients. Fifty-nine studies (49 single-arm, 10 multi-arm) from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Indian Society of Haematology Blood Transfusion (ISHBT) conference proceedings from December 2024 to December 2024 were included. The primary outcomes comprised overall response rates (ORRs) at 3, 6, and 12 months. Secondary outcomes included 5-year overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. Meta-regression was used to explore sources of variability, and sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the pooled outcomes. Response rates (RR) varied significantly across treatment modalities and time points. In single-arm analysis, monotherapy with CSA or anabolic steroids showed limited efficacy, with pooled ORRs at 3 months of 26.9
