Techint is an Argentine conglomerate founded in Milan in 1945 by Italian industrialist Agostino Rocca and headquartered in Milan (Italy) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). As of 2019 the Techint Group is composed of six main companies in the following areas of business: engineering, construction, steel, mining, oil & gas, industrial plants, healthcare. Techint, with its subsidiaries, is the largest steel making company in Argentina. Techint claims to be the world's largest manufacturer of seamless steel tubes, mainly used in the oil industry.
Within the MED-CSD project, feasibility studies of integrated hybrid concentrating solar power (CSP) and seawater desalination (DES) plants were carried out in selected locations in Morocco, Italy, Cyprus, Egypt and Gaza/West Bank. After a review on CSP and desalination technologies, ten typical sites within the five partner countries have been selected. For each location, a CSP-DES plant was modeled. The model bases on hourly time series of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, as well as wind speed and includes local seasonal and hourly load curves for power and water. Surplus thermal energy from the solar field is fed into the energy storage, so that operation is possible at night and during cloud transients; gaps between demand and solar power production are covered by cofiring with fossil fuel. Different plant components (solar field collectors and desalination technologies) have been compared. A techno-economic model is applied in order to analyze the economic feasibility and the required financial framework conditions of the projects. Furthermore, an analysis of the market potential of concentrating solar power for sea water desalination in the Mediterranean Region and socio-economic and environmental impact analyses were implemented.
The same flaw gives rise to different signals when inspected by the same nondestructive testing (NDT) equipment under closely similar circumstances. A laboratory example involving six identical cracks is shown. This is a consequence of unavoidable fluctuations in the parameters that influence the detection process and is illustrated using a Monte Carlo simulation based on a numerical model of crack detection in steel pipes by magnetic flux leakage. The effects of these uncertainties on the fault detection reliability and on the appearance of false alarms are analyzed. The occurrence of Type I errors (lack of detection of unacceptable defects) and Type II errors (false alarms) is studied as a function of the detection threshold, and guidelines for improving detection efficiency are suggested.
Copper samples, hot solder (eutectic) dipped and thermally aged, were cross‐sectioned and placed in an environmental scanning electronic microscope (ESEM). While in the ESEM the samples were heated for ∼ 2.5 h at 170°C to stimulate the growth of additional Cu/Sn intermetallic compound. The intent of the study was to obtain a continuous real‐time videotape record of the diffusion process and compare the observations to static SEM images reported to represent long‐term, naturally aged intermetallic growth. The video obtained allows the observation of the diffusion process and relativistic growth phenomena at the Cu, Cu3Sn, Cu6Sn5, and solder interfaces as well as effects on the bulk Cu and solder. Effects contrary to earlier reports were observed; for example, growth rates of Cu3Sn were found to greatly exceed those of Cu6Sn5. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple relation is established between the thermal effectiveness of two heat exchanger configurations that differ from each other in the inversion of either one of the two fluids. Using this relation, if the expression for the effectiveness of a configuration, as a function of the heat capacity rate ratio, and the number of heat transfer units, is known, the corresponding expression for the "inverse" configuration is immediately obtained. The relation is valid under the assumptions of temperature independence of the heat transfer coefficient and heat capacity rates, when one of the fluids proceeds through the exchanger in a single, mixed stream. The property is illustrated with several examples from the available literature.
