Aim To cross-culturally adapt the Vaccine Trust Gauge (VTG) for the Brazilian context and evaluate its content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability among adolescents. Methods This methodological study involved the cross-cultural adaptation of the VTG and the evaluation of its content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Content validity was assessed by an expert committee. Pre-testing was conducted with adolescents to evaluate clarity and acceptability. Internal structure was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted estimator for ordinal data. Reliability was assessed using McDonald's omega and test–retest analysis with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The Brazilian version demonstrated strong content validity (Content Validity Index = 0.90). Pre-testing indicated good comprehension following minor linguistic adjustments. CFA supported the three-factor model (trust, importance, recommendation), with excellent fit indices (CFI = 0.972; TLI = 0.962; RMSEA = 0.056; SRMR = 0.052). Internal consistency ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. Test–retest analysis showed moderate temporal stability (ICC = 0.74). Conclusion The Brazilian VTG provides initial evidence of validity and reliability for assessing vaccine trust among adolescents. The instrument may support monitoring of vaccine trust, inform targeted interventions, and guide public health strategies across diverse immunization contexts.
Postharvest science is built mainly on controlled experiments that resolve how management changes lots after intake. Commercial laboratories, meanwhile, continuously generate standardized physical, compositional and sanitary observations that, to our knowledge, are seldom treated as scientific evidence for population-level inference. We propose Surveillance-based Postharvest Science (SPS) as a potentially transferable interpretive framework whose first empirical application is evaluated here: reception records are read as a storage-entry state—an integrated analytical profile at the start of the postharvest chain—whose organization becomes visible when long-term archives are analysed as integrated observational systems. SPS rests on five principles (Figure 1) and four formal constructs: storage-entry state, year-conditioning, trait-specific seasonal signal and climatic readability. Using 2562 commercial soybean lots from a Mato Grosso reception network across 16 harvest seasons (2010/11–2025/26), seasonal structuring exceeded regional structuring for every trait (largest partial R2_season for acidity, 0.415); trait-specific seasonal signal ranked acidity (Adj. R2 = 0.461) and ether extract (0.263) above moisture (0.163); climate–quality associations were selective (mold–rainfall retained within a pre-specified FDR focus set) while domain-level adjusted RDA remained weak; and no monotonic 16-season drift was detected, with seasons instead grouping into compositional year types. Empirical inference is restricted to the monitored network; transferability of the framework remains to be evaluated independently.
Magnetic components are widely integrated into semiconductor photocatalysts to enable recovery by an external magnetic field, but this practical advantage may impose electronic, optical, and chemical penalties. Magnetite (Fe3O4), the most common magnetic phase, can behave as a narrow-gap, quasi-metallic electron sink and recombination center, whereas semiconducting ferrites such as NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, CuFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 can participate in light absorption and charge transfer but introduce composition-dependent band-alignment and stability constraints. Reported effects are therefore non-linear: low magnetic loadings may improve visible-light harvesting or controlled charge trapping, while excessive loading often promotes optical attenuation, active-phase dilution, and parasitic recombination.This review interprets the progression from Type-II to Z-scheme and S-scheme magnetic heterojunctions as an effort to reconcile magnetic recoverability with redox-preserving charge separation. We compare the mechanistic roles of magnetite and semiconducting ferrites, examine how Type-II systems sacrifice redox power, and assess how Z-scheme and S-scheme architectures seek to preserve strongly reducing electrons and strongly oxidizing holes. Particular emphasis is placed on the evidence required to distinguish proposed from demonstrated charge-transfer pathways, including in situ XPS, Kelvin probe force microscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, carrier-localization probes, and post-reaction stability analyses.Applications in H2 evolution, CO2 reduction, emerging-contaminant degradation, and N2 fixation are evaluated to derive reaction-oriented design principles. These principles define when magnetite should remain an electronically isolated recovery core, when ferrites can serve as photoactive partners, and how silica, carbonaceous materials, and MXenes can decouple or control magnetic-phase participation. By treating the magnetic component as a mechanistic design variable rather than a recovery accessory, this review provides a framework for developing more efficient, stable, and experimentally validated magnetic photocatalysts.
This article examines the evolving role of organisational foresight (OF), by integrating economics of innovation and managerial economics perspectives. The analysis investigates the interplay between foresight practices, coordination of routines and innovation, and how OF can be adopted to address mounting environmental and social challenges in the underexplored context of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) of the food service industry (FSI). Hypotheses were tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling on data collected from 204 managers of Brazilian FSI firms via an online questionnaire, complemented by a subsequent qualitative investigation. The results reveal that OF positively affects coordination of routines and innovation of firms. Innovation also positively affects green corporate social responsibility (GCSR) and sustainable performance (SP) of firms. Coordination of routines plays a mediating role that strengthens the association between OF and innovation. Furthermore, innovation mediates the relationship between OF and GCSR, as well as between OF and SP. In the context of FSI SMEs, foresight appears as a more informal, experiential sense-making capability. Although OF is a systematic process of thinking strategically about the future, OF per se is not enough. Firms should integrate a selection of dynamic capabilities into OF to strengthen their innovation, GCSR, and sustainable performance. The formalisation of additional management capabilities related to the coordination of routines, can make this process more effective. OF can shift from a theoretical exercise towards more socially- and environmentally-oriented actions which should be embedded into the culture of FSI firms.
Polyembryony, characterized by the formation of multiple embryos within a single seed, and apomixis, a seed production process involving asexual embryos, are reproductive strategies that may confer adaptive advantages to plants, particularly in disturbed environments. This study evaluated the occurrence and association of these traits in the Cerrado, a megadiverse Neotropical savanna region in central Brazil. We analyzed data from the literature (125 species) and new records (91 species), counting embryos and emerging seedlings per seed to evaluate the presence and number of polyembryonic seeds. Plants were classified as monoembryonic or polyembryonic, and thresholds were established to distinguish between low and high polyembryony. Breeding systems were examined to establish the relationship between polyembryony and apomixis, and the origin of extranumerary embryos was investigated, whenever possible, using literature sources. Phylogenetic signals and evolutionary transitions for both traits were also assessed. Polyembryony was observed in one-third of the studied species (72/216), with widely variable polyembryonic seed percentages (PSPs) and percentages of seeds with extranumerary seedlings (PSES). Polyembryony ≥ 5
