Objective Inhaled bacteriophage therapy is an emerging adjunctive strategy for treating lower respiratory tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. However, the clinical evidence base remains fragmented. We conducted a scoping review to map the current landscape of human studies using nebulized, aerosolized, or dry-powder phage therapy for pulmonary infections. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for clinical studies published up to 1 June 2025. Eligible studies included clinical trials, cohort studies, and case reports/series reporting at least one dose of inhaled lytic phage for bacterial respiratory infections. Screening followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Key data were extracted on patient characteristics, pathogens, phage preparations, delivery methods, safety, and outcomes. Results Of 507 records identified, 31 studies met inclusion criteria: six clinical trials and 25 case reports or series. Target infections included ventilator-associated pneumonia, cystic fibrosis exacerbations, and chronic bronchiectasis, primarily due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Delivery methods varied widely, including nebulizers, dry-powder inhalers, and endotracheal instillation. Most studies reported clinical or microbiological improvement without major adverse events, though few used standardized outcome measures. Conclusions Inhaled phage therapy has shown promise in compassionate and investigational settings for MDR respiratory infections. Despite heterogeneity in delivery methods and outcome reporting, preliminary data suggests feasibility and safety. Standardized protocols and controlled trials are needed to define its role in pulmonary antimicrobial therapy.
Workplace phubbing (being ignored during an interaction because a colleague is attending to a mobile phone) is increasingly common in clinical settings and may function as a subtle interpersonal stressor relevant to nursing teamwork, occupational well-being, and cooperative functioning. This cross-sectional survey examined associations between perceived workplace phubbing and self-reported job performance (overall, in-role, and extra-role). It tested whether resilience and perceived phubbing norms were related to performance. Nurses and nurse assistants from six public hospitals in Northern Greece provided eligible questionnaires (N = 338). In the primary overall-score models, being phubbed was positively associated with total and in-role performance but not with extra-role performance. In secondary dimension-level models, perceived phubbing norms were positively associated with all three performance outcomes, whereas feeling ignored and interpersonal conflict were not independent predictors. Resilience was positively associated with total, in-role, and extra-role performance. The GSBP total × resilience interaction was statistically significant only for in-role performance; however, simple-slope interpretation indicated attenuation of a positive association at higher resilience rather than buffering of an adverse association. Overall, resilience appeared to function as an independent correlate of perceived work performance rather than as evidence of the hypothesized buffering of a negative phubbing–performance association. These findings suggest that workplace phubbing should be understood as a context-dependent interpersonal phenomenon rather than a uniform performance risk. Clarifying digital-attention norms and protecting inclusive communication during key clinical interactions may support teamwork, psychosocial climate, and occupational well-being among nurses.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM). The present narrative review focuses on the crucial role of platelets in the development and progression of ASCVD. Experimental studies have shown platelet hyperactivity in DM. In this context, platelet apoptosis, strongly linked to inflammatory and mitochondrial pathways, as well as platelet mediators are gaining ever more research interest. In clinical practice, the prognostic value of platelet indices, such as mean platelet volume (MPV) or platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), is increasingly being investigated. Moreover, several clinical trials have suggested that antiplatelet therapy needs to be modified in subjects with DM in terms of dose and treatment duration. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) has been compared with triple antiplatelet therapy (TAPT) with the inclusion of cilostazol, with TAPT possibly being superior. Furthermore, preclinical studies have suggested an antiplatelet effect of novel antidiabetic agents, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is), but definitive answers are still needed. More studies are required to elucidate the role of platelets in ASCVD with co-existing DM and their potential therapeutic implications.
Reconstructing postauricular and ear defects after skin cancer removal in elderly patients can be puzzling. This case report highlights Matriderm® as an effective and unconventional solution for addressing this difficult problem. The application of dermal regeneration templates (DRTs) in resource-limited settings and scenarios expands perspectives in surgical literature. Their usage not only addresses clinical challenges but also contributes significantly to surgical innovation and comprehension.
