University of East Sarajevo

Oral therapies for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis are limited by modest efficacy or safety concerns. Icotrokinra is a novel oral interleukin-23 receptor antagonist peptide that has shown promising efficacy in randomized trials. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of icotrokinra in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing icotrokinra 200 mg once daily with placebo was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The primary outcome was achievement of a ≥ 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) at Week 16. Random-effects models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and trial sequential analysis was performed. Five RCTs, including 1951 participants, were analyzed. Icotrokinra 200 mg once daily significantly increased PASI 75 response rates compared with placebo at Week 4 (15% vs. 2%; OR = 6.57, 95% CI 3.66-11.81; p < 0.0001) and Week 16 (73% vs. 11%; OR = 22.03, 95% CI 16.13-30.10; p < 0.0001). Higher clearance thresholds also favored icotrokinra, including PASI 90 (54% vs. 4%; OR = 28.24) and PASI 100 (30% vs. 1%; OR = 45.86). The incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, and infections did not differ significantly between groups. Icotrokinra is an effective and well-tolerated oral treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, offering rapid and sustained clinical benefit with a safety profile comparable to placebo. It represents a promising oral option bridging the gap between existing oral therapies and biologics.

Improving pedestrian safety at urban intersections is a key challenge for achieving safer and more sustainable urban transport systems. This study develops a multi-criteria decision-making model (MCDM) for selecting the most appropriate traffic signal type at pedestrian crossings in different urban zones. Traffic conditions, illegal pedestrian crossings and the number of traffic accidents were taken into account during the modelling, as well as the characteristics of the urban environment. The research involved 66,616 pedestrians at 22 pedestrian crossings located in three urban zones: school zones, central zones, and non-central zones. The data were aggregated using Bayesian (beta-binomial) and classical statistical methods. The OPA-Group method was then used to develop the model. In the decision-making phase, the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) was applied as the core MCDM method. It was then extended to the OPA-Group framework to incorporate group-based evaluation in accordance with the model requirements. Additionally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted, confirming the robustness and stability of the proposed model. The results show that traditional traffic signals are most suitable for school and non-central zones, whereas countdown traffic signals are recommended for central zones. Push-button traffic signals were identified as the least efficient solution for regulating pedestrian movement at pedestrian crossings.

Intelligent automation is a core component of Industry 4.0, enabling artificial intelligence (AI) systems to support or execute operational and managerial decisions in real time. In high-risk industrial environments such as mining and metallurgy, real-time decision-making improves efficiency but also raises critical challenges related to trust, explainability, human oversight, and institutional accountability. This study proposes PRIME-INSPECT, a two-layer socio-technical framework designed to support trustworthy AI-driven real-time decision-making. The PRIME (predict, regulate, interpret, mitigate, execute) layer formalizes the operational decision flow, embedding control mechanisms, uncertainty quantification, and explainability into the automation pipeline. The INSPECT (integrity, navigability, supervisory control, policy maturity, ethical compliance, collaboration, trust calibration) layer defines the organizational and governance conditions required for safe deployment. The framework is conceptually developed through a structured literature synthesis and supported by exploratory empirical grounding through stakeholder perceptions from IT and top management participants, alongside an illustrative industrial use case intended to demonstrate conceptual applicability rather than engineering performance validation. The findings highlight the importance of aligning operational AI processes with institutional safeguards to support calibrated trust and responsible automation. The empirical component is intended to provide conceptual and organizational grounding of framework dimensions rather than quantitative validation of predictive performance. PRIME-INSPECT provides a structured architecture for designing and governing AI-enabled real-time decision systems in high-risk industrial contexts.

У раду се анализирају поводи и резултати рада правописних комисија које је покретала Земаљска влада Босне и Херцеговине 1883, 1892. и 1912. године, а које се односе на ревизију Вук-Даничићевог фонетског правописа и употребе писма. Тим поводима Земаљска влада је организовала рад комисија и проводила анкете којима је настојала да ријеши језичко питање у БиХ. Главни покушаји су тежили доказивању и потврђивању језичке посебности у БиХ, независној од њеног окружења, и инаугурацији босанског језика , што би на крају одредило и формирало босанску нацију у саставу Аустроугарске монархије.

Teaching mathematics in the early grades with innovative and problem-based tasks stimulates students' creativity, motivation and interest in learning. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of innovative teaching methods on the development of creativity in younger school-age students. The research was conducted in the third grade of primary school with 128 students during 30 experimental lessons. The experimental program fully followed the current mathematics curriculum and included 30 experimental lessons. The teaching areas used for the purposes of this research are: Addition and subtraction of numbers up to 100, Multiplication and division of numbers up to 100 and Measurement and measurement. The experimental program included teaching units, aligned with the current curriculum. The teaching units were designed to encourage the development of creativity and application of teaching content through a variety of problem-solving tasks. The tasks on the final tests were structured according to the content of the teaching units from the three teaching areas listed above. Each lesson was implemented by presenting an unusual contextual-research situation that was stimulating in the creative solution of complex mathematical problems (an interesting story with an interesting message), textually relevant scenes from children's films. Students independently solved prepared program-relevant complex mathematical problems. Students were systematically monitored and provided with teacher support when solving problems in conditions of increased curiosity and an emotionally pleasant atmosphere. The structure of the experimental program is based on theoretical foundations and experimental findings. When choosing and constructing a problem-based mathematical task in mathematics, the experimenter respected previous studies on problem-based and research-based teaching, and especially on the requirements that each such task has a hidden unknown that the student should discover through the inventive application of previous thematically relevant mathematical knowledge and through intensive cognitive and creative activity.The results show that the use of problem-based tasks in teaching significantly stimulates creativity, flexibility of thinking and motivation of students for learning mathematics. The results of the experimental program indicate its potential as a practical support for teachers in stimulating creative thinking in younger school-age students.