The University of Fort Hare is a public university in Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa.It was a key institution of higher education for Africans from 1916 to 1959 when it offered a Western-style academic education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating an African elite. Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries.In 1959, the university was subsumed by the apartheid system, but it is now part of South Africa's post-apartheid public higher education system. It is the alma mater of well-known people including Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Robert Sobukwe, Oliver Tambo, and others. Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries.
This study synthesizes 280 peer-reviewed studies (2002–2025) into a deployment-directed “sensor-to-governance” blueprint for AI/ML-enabled hazardous-waste risk detection. Publication activity shifted from early exploratory work (2002–2014) to sustained scaling after 2017, with stable output since 2022. China and the United States dominate publication volume, while wider Global South participation strengthens the case for privacy-preserving collaboration. Evidence clusters into eight innovation streams spanning multimodal sensing, geospatial intelligence, edge analytics, knowledge-graph governance, smart sensing materials, exposure analytics, circularity intelligence, and digital-twin integration. Performance gains become decision-relevant only when uncertainty calibration, drift auditing, and cost-aware risk mapping are co-optimized. Transformative potential lies in converting fragmented detections into auditable, privacy-preserving risk intelligence linked to intervention choices and equity-relevant exposure endpoints. However, sparse ground truth, domain shift, cybersecurity barriers, and the sustainability cost of continuous monitoring remain binding constraints. Practical deployment remains limited by sparse labels and external validation. Priority gaps include leakage-resistant splits, ground truth scarcity, sensor interoperability, and cybersecurity safeguards for deployed monitoring networks.
ABSTRACT Vibrio spp. are associated with widespread outbreaks linked to contaminated water and seafood. They are naturally present in aquatic habitats, including seawater, brackish water and freshwater environments. These marine environments serve as key reservoirs of antimicrobial‐resistant genes, facilitating the transmission of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria to marine animals and humans through the aquatic food chain. This review investigates the prevalence, virulence characteristics, detection methods and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of pathogenic Vibrio species found in fish and aquaculture environments. The literature published between 2016 and 2025 was gathered from PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, using keywords related to Vibrio species, aquaculture, antibiotic resistance and fish health. The rising incidence of antimicrobial‐resistant Vibrio species poses a dual threat to aquaculture sustainability and public health. To reduce seafood contamination and health risks, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need for improved molecular diagnostic tools, targeted intervention strategies and enhanced surveillance. There is an urgent call for advanced molecular diagnostic tools, targeted interventions and enhanced surveillance to mitigate seafood contamination and associated health risks. The findings have vital implications for veterinary medicine, underscoring veterinarians’ roles in disease prevention, antimicrobial resistance monitoring and the promotion of responsible antibiotic use in aquaculture.
The escalating global climate crisis demands innovative materials for sustainable energy conversion, spotlighting vacancy-ordered double perovskites A2OsX6 (A = K, Rb; X = Cl, Br, I) as promising photocatalysts for H2 production via water splitting and CO2 reduction. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) with the Wu-Cohen Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA-WC) and Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) potential, incorporating spin-orbit coupling (SOC), to unravel the structural, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of these osmium-based materials. The face-centered cubic (Fm 3 m) structure exhibits tunable band gaps (1.43-3.00 eV), enhanced by SOC-induced narrowing (0.10-0.20 eV), optimizing visible-light absorption for photocatalytic applications. Ferromagnetic ground states, driven by Os6+ (5d2) unpaired electrons, further enhance spin-polarized charge separation and magnetic functionality. Band edge alignments reveal thermodynamic suitability for H2 evolution and CO2 conversion, with chloride variants excelling in water oxidation and iodides optimizing reduction. Comparative analysis against TiO2, Cs2AgBiBr6, CdS, and g-C3N4 underscores A2OsX6's superior visible-light activity and stability. These findings position A2OsX6 as a versatile platform for next-generation photocatalysts, bridging sustainable energy and spintronic technologies.
This review presents a materials-centred yet systems-informed synthesis of hydrogen storage, designed to reconcile intrinsic material properties with real-world performance requirements. The analysis focuses on the principal hydrogen storage classes that directly govern hydrogen retention and release, namely solid-state hydrides, porous adsorbents, chemical hydrogen carriers, cryogenic liquid hydrogen, and compressed gaseous hydrogen systems. Rather than treating storage materials in isolation, the review evaluates how their defining characteristics interact with practical performance-conditioning factors, including storage mechanism, gravimetric and volumetric capacity, operating temperature and pressure, sorption and desorption kinetics, reversibility, cycling durability, thermal-management demand, impurity sensitivity, safety behaviour, and technological maturity. A structured review protocol covering the 2001–2025 literature was used to identify and synthesise studies relevant to these storage classes and their enabling interfaces. The synthesis shows that gravimetric capacity alone is an insufficient basis for ranking hydrogen storage options, because performance-conditioned usability is strongly shaped by enthalpy constraints, heat and mass transfer limitations, activation barriers, structural degradation, catalyst dependence, containment penalties, and application-specific operating conditions. Solid-state hydrides offer high volumetric density and intrinsic containment advantages but remain constrained by kinetic and thermal bottlenecks. Porous adsorbents provide rapid and reversible uptake, although their practical performance remains highly sensitive to pressure, temperature, and binding-energy optimisation. Chemical carriers enable dense and logistics-compatible storage, yet catalytic release penalties, purity constraints, and reaction-energy demands limit direct applicability. Liquid and compressed hydrogen provide benchmark physical storage routes, although boil-off control, compression burden, and containment integrity remain decisive. The review concludes that meaningful comparison across hydrogen storage pathways requires a unified framework that places storage materials at the analytical centre while explicitly accounting for the enabling technological conditions that determine deliverable capacity, durability, safety, and application readiness.
The discharge of persistent artificial dyes, like the cationic methyl violet (MV) dye from textile industrial sewages, requires the development of efficient, cost-effective, and recyclable adsorbents. This work reports on the synthesis of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) and amino-modified alpha-Fe2O3 via the solvothermal method. The effects of surface amination on the nanomaterials' physicochemical attributes were probed by the adsorption of MV wastewater. Successful amine functionalization was confirmed using FTIR and elemental analyses. SEM analysis revealed porous spherical morphologies with an enhanced surface texture following amination. XRD and TGA confirmed the structural stability and thermal resilience of the nanomaterials. Zeta potential showed that the aminated alpha-Fe2O3 carried a negative surface charge above pH 3, favoring the cationic dye adsorption. The aminated material exhibited a maximum MV adsorption capacity of 10.21 mg/g with equilibrium data conforming to the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.978) as compared to the Freundlich (R2 = 0.662) and Temkin (R2 = 0.634) isotherms, while kinetics data fitted the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.966). The regeneration of aminated alpha-Fe2O3 sorbent with 0.4 M HCl favoured reclaim for four successive cycles with a slight decrease in efficiency of about 19%. The study demonstrates that the solvothermally produced alpha-Fe2O3 is a promising low-cost adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes in wastewater treatment applications.
