Predicting metal–oxide adhesion in high-entropy alloys (HEAs) is challenging because interfacial segregation, local atomic environments, and macroscopic thermodynamics are strongly coupled, and first-principles methods are too costly to scan composition and co-segregation. We extend the macroscopic atom model to multi-principal-element alloys through compositionally consistent surface fractions and an interfacial pair-probability formalism that captures deviations from random mixing. Applied to CoCrFeNi and AlCoCrFeNi HEAs, the model reproduces the DFT segregation hierarchy of Y, Hf, Zr, and S, predicts stronger segregation at alumina, and captures the non-linear dependence of surface energy and work of separation on solute content. Guttmann isotherm shows that sub-ppm reactive-element additions displace S from interfacial sites at oxidation temperatures, giving a quantitative basis for the reactive-element effect. Sensitivity analysis of the interfacial pair-probability reveals that adhesion is governed by a small subset of metal–oxygen contacts, and 2D adhesion phase maps demonstrate rapid screening of composition spaces. These results reveal that the model provides a physically interpretable, efficient, and predictive framework beyond the limits of DFT.
Reconstructing food webs based on predator-prey interactions is a crucial component of understanding past ecosystems, particularly those for which modern analogs do not exist. However, direct evidence of predator-prey interactions (e.g. preserved specimens with gastric contents) is rare, and other sources of information, such as trace fossils, can shed light on these dynamics. In the Cretaceous, cephalopods were an abundant food source for large predators such as marine reptiles and large fish. Most reported cases of cephalopod predation refer to ammonites and nautiloids, with limited published reports made about squids-like octobrachian, despite a suggested commonality in the fossil record. Here, we report the presence of two pathologies on the gladius of an octobrachian Enchoteuthis sp. from the Pembina Member of the Pierre Shale in Manitoba, Canada. The pathologies are identified as bite marks, although the second retains a degree of uncertainty. Candidates for the predator responsible for the injury include a mosasaur like Latoplatecarpus or a predatory fish like Cimolichthys, both of which lived alongside Enchoteuthis in the Pembina Member depositional environment of Manitoba. (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
The high penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) necessitates computationally intensive Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) simulations to analyze controller interactions. A practical challenge is that these studies are considerably time-consuming for large systems, and need to be done for different operating conditions and contingencies. Reducing the order of the model to form a reduced-order equivalent is a viable approach to speed up the simulation. In such models, it is important to ensure that (a) the reduced order model is accurate over a wide range of frequencies, and (b) the equivalent system is passive to reduce the chance of instability of the simulation. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel, passivity-preserving model order reduction framework that achieves wide-band accuracy. The proposed approach extends the classical moment-matching approach to match the system’s response at multiple frequency points to construct a passivity-preserving reduced-order model. The efficacy of the proposed technique is validated on the IEEE 39-bus system. Results demonstrate that the reduced models provide high fidelity over a wide frequency range, enabling a significant reduction in EMT simulation time without compromising the stability of the simulation.
Given a bounded linear operator A on a Banach space, Kreiss and Tadmor-Ritt are two well-known resolvent conditions related to power-boundedness of A, that is, parallel to A(k)parallel to is bounded by some M(A) for all k >= 0. The classical Kreiss matrix theorem gives a finite-dimensional characterization up to a dimension-dependent constant. This dependence on dimension makes the theorem unsuitable as a Banach-space criterion. One main goal of this paper is to introduce a Banach-space version of the Kreiss constant that is equivalent to M(A) for all power-bounded operators A. For a Tadmor-Ritt operator A, one has M(A) <= CT(A) log (1 + T(A)). We show that the log term cannot be removed in general, resolving a conjecture that has been open for 23 years. (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.
Wicking geotextiles have been introduced with the aim of improving and accelerating drainage under both saturated and unsaturated soil conditions. This study evaluates the hydraulic performance of three wicking geotextile products in comparison with a control test without geotextiles. The tested wicking materials included one nonwoven and two wicking woven geotextiles. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a soil column test box incorporating a trench system, where the geotextiles were installed beneath the soil column and bent into a trench full of uniformly sized aggregate to simulate urban road subdrain conditions. Base materials investigated included virgin crushed limestone and recycled concrete aggregate. The soil was saturated and subsequently allowed to drain and monitored with moisture sensors. To assess potential suitability in cold regions, additional tests were performed after subjecting the soil column with geotextiles to one freeze-thaw cycle. Environmental scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed on the geotextile samples before and after freeze-thaw exposure. The results demonstrate that wicking geotextiles can significantly enhance the overall drainage performance of granular layers compared with the control section with varied improvement depending on the geotextile and fill material types. Freeze-thaw cycling influenced drainage efficiency and continued to outperform the control section after the conditioning.
