The University of Missouri–St. Louis (UMSL) is a public research university in St. Louis, Missouri. Established in 1963, it is one of four universities in the University of Missouri System and its newest. UMSL's campus is located on the former grounds of the Bellerive Country Club in St. Louis County, with an address in St. Louis city. The campus stretches into the municipalities of Bellerive, Bel-Nor and Normandy. Additional facilities are located at the former site of Marillac College and at Grand Center, both in St. Louis city.Bachelor's, Master's, and doctoral programs are offered through the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Business Administration, the College of Education, the College of Nursing, the School of Social Work, and the College of Optometry. The business school is AACSB-accredited and is the only public university in the St. Louis area to also be AACSB-accredited in accounting. Preprofessional, a joint engineering program with Washington University in St. Louis, and evening programs are also offered. UMSL is home of an optometry school, providing its students with a doctorate (OD). The Pierre Laclede Honors College is UMSL's honors program. UMSL is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".The university contains two libraries: The Thomas Jefferson Library which is the main library of the university and the St. Louis Mercantile Library which was founded in 1846 and is the oldest library west of the Mississippi River. The campus contains two stops on MetroLink, St. Louis' regional light rail system. A student center, academic buildings, parking structures, a performing arts center, and residential housing have been constructed over the past ten years as part of campus improvement programs. The university has a dual-enrollment agreement with Gulf University for Science and Technology, Kuwait. KWMU (90.7 FM), which is the flagship National Public Radio station in the St. Louis area and known on-air as St. Louis Public Radio, is owned by and licensed to UMSL.UMSL has 10,431 students attending classes on-campus, compared to 6,010 students taking classes off-campus, which is mostly students dual-enrolled at area high schools. The university has the equivalent of 9,488 full-time students. UMSL has historically been a commuter school for the St. Louis, with only about 1200 students living on-campus.
We use the fiftieth anniversary of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) as an opportunity to assess the contributions of the survey to our understanding of crime and its consequences, the nature of victimization, the development of criminological theory, and the advancement of survey methodology. Even though studies have established the limitations of official or police-recorded crime data in representing crime, it is not uncommon for data users to be unaware of or discount the reasons supporting victim surveys. We critically review the existing knowledge and describe how the survey has developed and changed over time, the reasons behind such modifications, and the changes that began in 2024. Given the challenges that survey research currently faces, we conclude the review with suggestions on how the survey can maintain its unique importance and relevance in the future.
Gestures are an important component of nonverbal communication and are often produced along with speech to aid comprehension, direct attention, and provide emphasis. This study investigates the effects of speaker and addressee visibility on gesture production in computer mediated communication. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that speakers would produce more representational gestures, which convey ideas, actions, and objects, when they could see their addressee’s face and were visible to their addressee, supporting the facial cueing and perspective taking hypotheses. These hypotheses suggest that speakers adjust their gesture use to supplement their speech by considering what their addressee can see (perspective taking) or by using cues from their addressee’s facial expressions (facial cueing). Participants viewed six cartoon clips and retold narrative descriptions of each clip to a confederate via videoconferencing, with visibility conditions varied independently for the speaker and the addressee. Speakers produced significantly more representational gestures when they were visible to the confederate than when they were not. By contrast, speakers’ representational gesture production did not differ when they could see the confederate’s face and when the confederate’s camera was off; however, speakers produced fewer representational gestures when the addressee’s torso was visible than in these conditions. The findings of this study support the perspective taking hypothesis but fail to support the facial cuing hypothesis, providing insight into how gestures are used to communicate in videoconferencing settings.
Subtle, everyday prejudice continues to affect outcomes in work, education, counseling, and health care. A critical step toward mitigating these effects is the ability to recognize prejudice when it occurs, yet individuals often disagree about whether a given incident reflects bias. Existing quantitative approaches to studying prejudice detection often confound two distinct processes: accuracy in distinguishing prejudiced from non-prejudiced events and general tendencies to label ambiguous events as prejudiced or not. Signal Detection Theory (SDT) offers a methodological framework that separates these processes, thereby improving measurement validity and enabling novel empirical inquiry. This paper provides accessible guidance for applying SDT's methods to the quantitative study of prejudice detection, including stimulus design, analytic procedures, and available software tools. By introducing SDT's methods into prejudice detection research, this paper provides a rigorous framework for separating detection accuracy from response tendencies, thereby improving measurement validity and enabling novel theoretical inquiry into the identification of subtle prejudice.
The native ice composition of Halley-type Comet 13P/Olbers (hereafter 13P) was measured post-perihelion, on UT 2024 August 16 using iSHELL, the 1-5 mu m cross-dispersed, high-resolution facility spectrograph at the NASA InfraRed Telescope Facility. At that time, the heliocentric distance (Rh) of 13P was 1.37 au and the geocentric distance (Delta) was 1.99 au. Using a slit that delivered spectral resolving power RP equivalent to lambda/Delta lambda congruent to 4.5 & times; 104, two instrument settings targeted rovibrational emissions of seven parent molecules released into the coma through sublimation of ices in the nucleus. These settings provided broad and contiguous or nearly contiguous spectral coverage, one simultaneously measuring H2O, CO, and OCS, and the other simultaneously measuring CH4, C2H6, CH3OH, and H2CO. Meaningful abundances were obtained for all seven species. Our study revealed substantial enrichments of CO and CH4, the two most volatile species systematically targeted at IR wavelengths in comets. Relative to their respective mean abundance ratios among measured comets from the Oort cloud reservoir, CO in 13P was enriched by a factor of about six and CH4 was enriched by a factor of about three. Together with near-average abundances measured for CH3OH and C2H6, this suggests large endowments of CO and CH4 on interstellar grains, yet it could indicate inhibited surface chemistry on the pre-cometary grains subsequently contained in the nucleus or 13P. Assuming that this represents the primordial composition of 13P, it could reflect very low temperatures in its natal environment (similar to 10 K or lower).
American history is shaped by enduring systems of oppression, including chattel slavery, racial segregation, the criminalization and marginalization of same-sex relations and the ongoing legal challenges facing transgender communities. While oppressed communities engage in acts of resistance that can help reclaim humanity and foster healing, interpretation at contested heritage sites may overlook resistance as a vital humanizing and reparative process. This qualitative front-end research study draws on interviews with 32 participants—including scholars, students, artists, activists, law enforcement, clergy, government workers, and business owners—connected to St. Louis’s Central West End gayborhood and Washington, DC’s Black Lives Matter Plaza and uses reflexive thematic analysis to explore how stakeholders understand their contested heritage sites and what stories and meanings may guide their preservation and interpretation. Findings highlight ways to engage narratives of resistance through multiple lenses and practices that could strengthen culturally responsive interpretation at institutional and grassroots levels.
