University of Perpetual Help System Laguna (UPHSL), or simply Perpetual or Perps, (formerly Perpetual Help College of Laguna) is the first university to open in Biñan, Laguna in the Philippines. It is the main campus of the JONELTA System of the UPHS. The UPH-Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University is also located at the UPHS compound, along the old National Highway in the City of Biñan. The school opened with a total of 89 students in the first and second year high school, and 367 students in the tertiary level. Jose G.
Pollution transfer across regions has become an important source of environmental health risks and spatial health inequalities, yet its underlying transfer mechanisms and structural pathways remain insufficiently understood. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of pollution transfer in China's Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from both national and local perspectives. Using off-site environmental penalty data from large-scale enterprises between 2012 and 2023, we construct pollution transfer networks and apply social network analysis and the geographical detector method to identify structural characteristics and multidimensional driving mechanisms. This study addresses three interrelated challenges: identifying pollution transfer relationships from regulatory records, disentangling multidimensional proximity mechanisms and their interaction effects, and assessing whether pollution transfer structurally reinforces environmental health inequality across cities, which are tasks that are methodologically demanding due to the hidden nature of transfer processes and the nonlinearity of proximity effects. The results reveal that the pollution transfer network in the YRD has continuously expanded, exhibiting a pronounced core-periphery structure centered on Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and other core cities, with strong internal linkages and outward diffusion at the national scale. Pollution transfer intensity has increased over time and displays significant proximity effects. Multidimensional proximity factors jointly shape pollution transfer, with economic proximity dominating intra-regional transfers, while institutional and technological proximity play a more critical role in extra-regional transfers. Notably, public health proximity exhibits limited independent explanatory power but significantly enhances pollution transfer when interacting with economic and institutional factors, suggesting a structural linkage between pollution redistribution and environmental health inequality. Scientifically, this study advances the understanding of pollution transfer as a networked and interaction-driven process. Practically, the findings provide quantitative support for regional collaborative governance and integrated environmental and health management in the YRD.
The recycling of lithium batteries not only requires government guidance and support but also necessitates the deep involvement of enterprises to ensure sustainable production and promote circular economic development. Improper disposal and informal recycling of waste lithium batteries can release heavy metals and toxic electrolytes, posing potential threats to environmental safety and public health. Based on data related to lithium battery recycling enterprises in China, this paper utilizes spatial statistical methods and geographic detectors to analyze the spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of these enterprises. The results indicated the following: (1) the overall spatial pattern of lithium battery recycling enterprises in China is characterized as having a "tiered" structure, with the eastern region consistently having the highest number of recycling enterprises, and a standard deviation ellipse shows the general temporal and spatial distribution trend in a south-north direction; (2) the spatial distribution of lithium battery recycling enterprises in China exhibits a significant positive spatial correlation, with a basically stable spatial pattern of cold and hot spots; Meanwhile, kernel density analysis indicates a gradual expansion of the spatial distribution, albeit with significant geographic polarization characteristics; (3) since 2013, lithium battery recycling enterprises have rapidly expanded, showing marked spatial differentiation within city clusters; and (4) the spatial distribution of these enterprises is significantly influenced by factors such as consumer spending levels and regional economic development, with all interaction factors showing a strong bi-factor enhancement effect. The findings provide guidance for developing smart waste-management systems to strengthen environmental governance and mitigate potential public health risks associated with lithium battery recycling.
Against the backdrop of rapid global advances in artificial intelligence (AI), growing concerns surrounding public health and stressful environmental conditions, this study examines the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of China by using social network analysis, a geographical detector model, and a coupling coordination model to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution and factors associated with rehabilitation assistive technology transfer networks before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2023). The results reveal that the YRD's technology transfer network has continued to expand, transforming from a "single-center" structure dominated by Shanghai to a "multicenter" network jointly anchored by Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Suzhou. The results of the coupling coordination analysis indicate that the synergistic relationship between public health systems and technology transfer networks improved during the pandemic. In contrast, the synergistic potential of AI technology innovation has yet to be fully unleashed. The geographical detector results show that economic development, technological innovation, and financial development are the core drivers of technology transfer. Moreover, interactions between public health or AI inventive capacity and other determinants exhibit pronounced "bifactor enhancement" effects. This study offers a new perspective on the sustainable development of the rehabilitation assistive devices industry within the context of AI integration and environmental pressures.
Mitigation and adaptation are recognized as essential pillars for urban sustainability; however, the degree to which adaptation oriented policies contribute to broader environmental improvements remains an unresolved empirical question. This study treats the Climate Adaptive Pilot Cities (CAPC) initiative as a quasi natural experiment to evaluate its integrated impacts on urban pollution and carbon reduction. Utilizing a multi period staggered difference in differences framework on a comprehensive panel of 273 Chinese municipalities from 2011 to 2023, we find that the CAPC initiative significantly improves environmental outcomes, evidenced by a 0.284 decline in aggregate emission intensity. Mechanism analysis reveals that this reduction is driven by informal regulation via heightened public climate risk perception and innovation compensation via green technology advancement. Specifically, the policy initiates a state to society vertical diffusion of environmental norms, where pilot cities function as social amplification stations to foster a broad based social consensus. Notably, policy efficacy depends on local conditions: significant abatement effects are concentrated in high income cities with robust fiscal capacity, non-resource based cities free from carbon lock in, and central or western regions with vast untapped marginal abatement potential. These findings underscore the necessity of dedicated fiscal support and structural reforms to bridge urban resilience with low carbon transitions to ensure inclusive environmental governance.
The pressures of economic development and environmental governance are growing increasingly intense. This study uses 2014-2023 off-site environmental penalty data of Chinese listed firms to construct weighted intercity networks of cross-regional environmental violation linkages and compares the spatial patterns between firms in polluting industries and those in other industries via social network analysis, spatial statistics, and geographical detector methods. The results show that cross-regional environmental violation linkages have become increasingly dense, with firms in other industries accounting for a fast-growing share of cross-city violations, and these linkages exhibit significant spatial clustering patterns. Specifically, levels of economic development, industrial structure, and financial capacity are positively and significantly associated with cities' network centrality and intensity, while environmental regulation and public health factors show no significant associations. These findings contribute to the literature by offering a behavioral and outcome-based perspective on cross-regional environmental violations and highlighting the need for unified governance frameworks.
