Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming creative work, yet creatives do not respond uniformly. To explain this variation, we draw on the concept of technological frames, three years of netnographic research in online advertising communities, and interviews with advertising creatives. Our analysis identifies competing interpretations of GenAI—regarding its level of agency in the creative process, its impact on jobs, and its role in shifting how value is created in outputs—that converge in distinct narratives about its implications for creative work. These narratives, in turn, drive distinct adaptive responses among creatives: AI skilling, reskilling, and deep skilling—the latter involving deliberate cultivation of human capabilities that GenAI cannot readily replicate. The findings inform both research on GenAI in creative work and managers navigating its adoption.
The James Webb Space Telescope has ushered in an era of abundant high-redshift observations of young stellar populations characterized by strong emission lines, motivating us to integrate nebular emission into the new Maraston stellar population model which incorporates the latest Geneva stellar evolutionary tracks for massive stars with rotation. We use the photoionization code CLOUDY to obtain the emergent nebular continuum and line emission for a range of modelling parameters, then compare our results to observations on various emission line diagnostic diagrams. We carry out a detailed comparison with several other models in the literature assuming different input physics, including modified prescriptions for stellar evolution and the inclusion of binary stars, and find close agreement in the H beta, H alpha, [N II]lambda 6583, and [S II]lambda 6716, 6731 luminosities between the models. However, we find significant differences in lines with high ionization energies, such as He II lambda 1640 and [OIII]lambda 5007, due to large variations in the hard ionizing photon production rates. The models differ by a maximum of Delta Q([OIII]lambda 5007) approximate to 10(44) s(-1) M-circle dot(-1) ,where these differences are mostly caused by the assumed stellar rotation and effective temperatures for the Wolf Rayet phase. Interestingly, rotation and uncorrected effective temperatures in our single star population models alone generate [O III ] ionizing photon production rates higher than models including binary stars with ages between 1 to 6 Myr. These differences highlight the dependence of derived properties from SED fitting on the assumed model, as well as the sensitivity of predictions from cosmological simulations.
We investigate the B - L gauge extension of the Standard Model that the Dirac seesaw mechanism with thermal leptogenesis leaves imprints in the early Universe via the stochastic gravitational background emanating from a network of cosmic strings when B - L symmetry is broken. With right-handed neutrino mass lighter than the typical scale of grand unification, the B - L symmetry protecting the right-handed neutrinos leads to constraints on the Yukawa couplings for both Dirac and Majorana scenarios. Estimating the predicted gravitational wave background we find that future space-borne missions could probe the range concerning thermal Dirac leptogenesis. In a comparative analysis between such probes of gravitational waves sourced from cosmic strings in Dirac and Majorana leptogenesis in the B - L extension, based on the energy scales of the leptogenesis, for instance, gravitational waves detectors will be able to probe the scale of Dirac leptogenesis up to 109 GeV, while for Majorana leptogenesis it would be upto 1012 GeV.
Psycholinguists have no way of directly observing the sentence-comprehension process. Therefore, they have on the one hand assessed the complexity of sentence processing by means of global measures of comprehension difficulty (paraphrasing, for instance, click location, sentence classification, or other tasks). On the other hand, they have devoted considerable ingenuity to inventing tasks that might be expected to reflect the operations of processing mechanisms during comprehension. The dependent variable in these latter tasks is reaction time(RT); as Pachella(1974) noted: "by default: there simply isn't much else that can be measured [p. 43]." If variations in response latency correlate with experimental manipulations of the sentences being understood, they are assumed to reflect variations in the complexity of processing. Nearly all on-line studies of auditory comprehension have required subjects to monitor the sentence for a specified target. The targets are of three basic types: part of the sentence itself (a word or a sound), something wrong with the sentence (a mispronunciation), or an extraneous signal (e.g., a click) occurring during presentation of the sentence. By far the largest number of studies have involved monitoring for initial sounds of words. In this chapter we will discuss phoneme-monitoring in some detail, review word-monitoring, mispronunciation-monitoring, and tone/click-monitoring results, and conclude with a comparison and evaluation of the monitoring tasks.
