The Amazonas State University (Portuguese: Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, UEA) is a Brazilian public university operated by the state of Amazonas, located in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. It was established in 2001 by a state law that turned the University of Technology of Amazonas (Universidade de Tecnologia do Amazonas) into the UEA. In 2011, UEA was ranked the best university of the state in an evaluation made by the Ministry of Education.
Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible mushroom widely recognized for its nutritional value and high content of bioactive compounds, including phenolics and polysaccharides, which confer potential antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects. These properties are mainly associated with its ability to modulate digestive enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as its antioxidant activity. This study applied a bioprocess-based approach to produce Amazonian P. ostreatus mycelial biomass via submerged fermentation, followed by the evaluation of its biochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory effects on key digestive enzymes. Different combinations of carbon and nitrogen sources were investigated based on mycelial biomass production to determine the most suitable fermentation condition. To evaluate digestive enzyme inhibition, a 23 factorial experimental design was applied to assess the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, and extraction solvent, as well as their interactions, on the inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase. The mycelial biomass obtained under condition T4 (sucrose + peptone) showed strong α-glucosidase inhibition [(96.94 ± 0.49)
The reliability of lead-free solder joints in microelectronic packaging is strongly influenced by the formation and growth of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during reflow soldering. In this study, the effects of graphene introduced through two different approaches dispersed graphene nanoplatelets obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) and a monolayer graphene interlayer grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn–Ag–Cu (SAC305) solder joints on copper substrates were investigated. Four composite solders were investigated: conventional SAC305/Cu, CVD graphene interlayer on Cu (CVD-GF–0.0 wt.
BACKGROUND:Approximately 95% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not progress to tuberculosis (TB) disease. Identifying key determinants of TB progression could focus prevention efforts. METHODS:Contacts of pulmonary TB patients were enrolled in a prospective multi-center cohort study (Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis [RePORT]-Brazil) from 2015 to 2019 and followed for 24 months. Empirical review and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, using baseline clinical and laboratory information, were used as dimension reduction techniques to determine factors for inclusion in prediction models. Models were created for: (1) all contacts, (2) contacts interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)-positive at baseline, and (3) IGRA-positive contacts who did not receive TB preventive therapy (TPT; <30 days isoniazid). Internal validation was performed using bootstrapping. RESULTS:Among 1846 contacts of 619 TB index patients, 25 (1.4%) progressed to TB. No TPT was a risk factor for progression to TB among all contacts (mixed-effects adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 16.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.22-124.45). Internal validation with all contacts yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI: .72-.86]. Body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with increased risk of progressing to active TB among IGRA-positive contacts who did not receive TPT (aHR = 0.89, 95% CI: .80-.99). Interferon-gamma release assay-positive contacts with BMI <25 kg/m2 had a 4.14-fold (95% CI: 1.17-14.67) higher risk of progression to TB than IGRA-positive contacts with BMI ≥25 kg/m2: 8.4% versus 2.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Body mass index <25 kg/m2, a readily available biomarker, identified IGRA-positive close TB contacts at high risk of progressing to TB disease. Prioritizing this high-risk group for TB preventive therapy could improve TB prevention efforts. BMI <25 kg/m², a readily available biomarker, identified IGRA-positive close contacts at high risk for progression to TB in a large observational Brazilian cohort. Prioritizing this high-risk group for TB preventive therapy could significantly improve TB prevention efforts.
In 2023 and 2024, tropical South America experienced unprecedented, record-breaking droughts and anomalous surface air temperatures, which severely affected fire risk, biodiversity, and socioeconomic activities. Notably, 2024 witnessed an 85% increase in burned area in the Brazilian Amazon compared to 2023. In this context, a deeper understanding of fire responses to climate variability has become a critical research focus. Using regression analyses, this study investigates the influence of sea surface temperature anomalies in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans on rainfall variability and fire occurrence in the Amazon and Brazilian Cerrado regions during the dry seasons of 2023 and 2024. The results indicate that in 2023, the combined effect of El Niño, the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) warming and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) intensified and prolonged drought conditions, significantly increasing fire activity into October and November in the northern and central Amazon. In 2024, simultaneous TNA and Indian Ocean Basin-Wide (IOBW) warming were the primary drivers of the drought, with peak fire activity occurring from June to September in the southwestern Amazon, including Bolivia, Paraguay, and central Brazil. Findings indicate that interactions among multiple climate variability modes not only intensify droughts but also alter the temporal and spatial distribution of fires, thereby impacting areas that have historically been less affected. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for climate variability when developing effective public policies for fire prevention and control in the region.
The research aimed to evaluate the effect of transferring extracts from residues of durable Amazonian wood species processing to a non-durable wood species (rubber tree) to prolong its use. For this purpose, three trees of rubber tree (27 years old) were collected from Santa Maria farm in the district of Pacotuba, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, south of the state of Esp & iacute;rito Santo, Brazil. These trees were transformed into samples for testing basic density, dimensional stability, retention and pH of the extracts, and resistance of the samples impregnated with the solutions obtained to xylophagous fungi. The impregnation of the wood was carried out using alcoholic extracts (solutions) of Hymenolobium flavum, Roupala montana, Dinizia excelsa, and Tectona grandis. The rubber tree wood had a medium density and moderately stable dimensional stability. The extracts were used in concentrations of 2, 4 and 8 % and tested against brown-rot fungi (Rhodonia placenta and Neolentinus lepideus) and white-rot fungi (Polyporus fumosus and Trametes versicolor). The extracts exhibited acidic pH (3.5-6.1), which contributed to the effectiveness against the tested fungi. The extracts of R. montana and T. grandis, at concentrations of 4 and 8 %, were more effective in controlling the development of xylophagous fungi.
