西英格兰大学

High-resolution climate data, both spatially and temporally, are essential for enhancing our understanding of climate change and mitigating its environmental and societal impacts. However, challenges such as the sparse distribution of meteorological stations and the limited duration of statistical data collection have led to climate data being predominantly available at lower temporal and spatial resolutions, in many countries worldwide, including Tunisia. This limitation hampers accurate climate impact assessments and the implementation of effective adaptation measures. Hence, this study aimed to generate high-resolution ( 1 km) monthly precipitation and air temperature data for Tunisia (1950–2023) by downscaling the ERA5-Land reanalysis dataset (0.1° × 0.1°, monthly) using the delta downscaling framework and the KrigR R package. After a comprehensive evaluation against observations from 26 precipitation stations and 28 temperature stations from the GSOD dataset, the KrigR R package method demonstrated the highest accuracy and was selected as the final product. This highlights KrigR as a robust and effective approach to traditional delta downscaling for producing high-resolution climate data. The downscaled data allows for precise analysis of temperature and precipitation trends across Tunisia. The downscaled data reveals a clear warming trend in Tunisia, with an average temperature increase of 0.27 °C per decade and a general decline in precipitation, averaging 3.63 mm per decade. However, statistically significant precipitation trends are limited to certain regions. The spatial detail provided by the downscaled data offers valuable insights for further regional climate change studies. This high-resolution methodology can also inform future assessments of climate impacts and adaptation strategies in areas lacking such detailed data.

As financial systems face mounting exposure to economic, environmental, and geopolitical shocks, the definition of Corporate Sustainability (CS) is undergoing a fundamental transformation. This paper advances the field by reconceptualizing CS to include resilience-defined as the ability to withstand, adapt to, and recover from systemic disruptions-as a core dimension. This theoretical shift raises questions about the sustainability classification of ethically oriented investment frameworks-particularly Islamic and ESG indices-which have traditionally been considered sustainable due to their normative commitments to ethical governance, social responsibility, and environmental stewardship. By placing resilience at the heart of sustainability evaluation, this study provides a novel conceptual lens to distinguish between ideological alignment, structural similarity, and functional convergence in ethical finance. To empirically test this expanded framework, our paper analyzes the behavior of Islamic and ESG markets across eight major crises from 2004 to 2024, encompassing financial, macroeconomic, geopolitical, and public health crises. Using risk-adjusted return metrics, Value at Risk (VaR), Dynamic Conditional Correlation-GARCH models, and Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregression (TVP-VAR), we assess risk, connectedness, and hedging effectiveness. Findings reveal complementary resilience profiles: the Islamic market outperforms the ESG market during financial and macroeconomic crises, while ESG exhibits greater robustness during energy-related and geopolitical shocks. Both indices show strong spillover dynamics and mutual hedging benefits, primarily through exposure to clean energy, commodities, and general equities. In doing so, the paper offers a multidimensional, resilience-based redefinition of sustainable finance, challenging conventional ESG classifications and advancing a more adaptive understanding of what it means to be truly sustainable in an era of global volatility.

Proteinoid- nanoparticle composites are a new hope in unconventional computing. They use self-assembling protein-like polymers along with the magnetic and electronic traits of iron oxide nanoparticles. This study looks at how Glu-Phe-Asp proteinoid microspheres work with nanoparticles. It shows their potential for use in neuromorphic computing. We found spontaneous electrical oscillations in these composites. We also looked at how external magnetic fields (65, 84, and 103 mT) change their oscillatory behavior. Our findings reveal that these composites can emulate Boolean logic gates, with distinct responses to varying magnetic field strengths. nanoparticles boost the proton-driven spiking in proteinoid microspheres. This leads to adjustable electrochemical behavior. This work shows that proteinoid- nanoparticle composites can be a great platform. They can help create bio-inspired computing systems. These systems may have adaptive functions, save energy, and resist faults. This opens new doors for neuromorphic systems that imitate biological neural networks.

The main aim of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing debate on the facets of the Greek crisis via an analysis of the changes in the institutional framework of the labour market that are introduced as a result of the EU/IMF mechanism for financial support. The paper tries to make sense of the immense transformations in the Greek industrial relations system and to evaluate the direction of change, using insights from the varieties of capitalism literature. In this strand of literature it is well established that the comparative institutional advantage and high economic performance of a country depends on its overall institutional arrangement and the fit between different institutions (including the industrial relations sphere). Thus, it is important to examine the current injection of liberal market elements in the Greek industrial relations realm vis-à-vis the wider institutional context. This will allow us to gauge the suitability and chances for the implementation of IMF’s ‘one-size-fits-all’ policies.

IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is an autoimmune disease that affects the small vessels of the skin, joints, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and kidneys. In the long term, IgAV associated with nephritis (IgAV-N) can progress to kidney failure. Evidence-based clinical studies of IgAV-N are few, leading to huge variations in treatment approaches and suboptimal outcomes. The wealth of emerging efficacious treatments for IgA nephrology brings new opportunities to this disease. The aim of this report is to describe the proceedings of a multiprofessional collaborative workshop convened to identify the barriers to developing high quality evidence for patients with IgAV-N. A multiprofessional group consisting of 53 attendees from 13 countries met. The meeting was represented by a variety of professional backgrounds, including lay attendees, with different levels of expertise (32% professors and 19% midcareer doctors). Using predefined aims, key themes were extracted, and an action plan developed. Consensus was obtained that there is sufficient similarity between adults and children in terms of the organs involved, pathophysiology, histological features, and likely response to treatment. Important differences included the greater spontaneous improvement in children and worse kidney outcomes in some populations. It was agreed that patients at greatest risk of kidney failure should be the primary focus of initial clinical trials. Important considerations included the following: diagnostic classification for adult onset IgAV, observational data, evidence of scientific similarity to IgA nephropathy (IgAN), an age-inclusive approach to trial design, systemic disease secondary end points, and the inclusion of patient-reported outcomes. This manuscript communicates an expert-informed pathway to high-quality evidence for IgAV-N.