We prove local Hölder continuity for nonnegative, locally bounded, local weak solutions to the class of doubly nonlinear parabolic equations ∂ _t (u^q)- div(| Du| ^p-2 Du) = 0, p>2, 0
In modern industrial environments, ensuring the quality of manufactured components is critical, particularly when dealing with reflective surfaces that hinder conventional inspection techniques. Although deep learning-based methods offer robust solutions for visual defect detection, their performance often hinges on the availability of substantial annotated datasets. In industrial scenarios, labeling such datasets is costly and time-consuming. This study investigates applying sample selection techniques to reduce annotation efforts for porosity detection on machined aluminium parts. Several selection strategies were evaluated using a real-world dataset composed of high-resolution images, including uncertainty, diversity, random-based criteria, and hybrid combinations. The best-performing strategy, which combined entropy-based uncertainty, spatial diversity, and random-based, achieved an F1-score of 86.70
Background/Objectives: Mushroom-derived phenolic compounds are gaining attention as bioactive molecules with potential roles in gut microbiota modulation, intestinal health, and metabolic regulation. Although mushroom polysaccharides are well established as fermentable substrates, the contribution of fungal phenolics to microbiota–host interactions remains less defined. This review aimed to critically analyse the evidence supporting mushroom-derived phenolic compounds as emerging prebiotic-like modulators of gut microbiota, intestinal function, and host metabolism. Methods: A narrative critical review was conducted using scientific literature retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies addressing phenolic profiling in edible and medicinal mushrooms, gastrointestinal digestion, colonic fermentation, microbial biotransformation, gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier function, inflammation, and metabolic outcomes were considered. Particular attention was given to chromatographic and mass spectrometry-based studies, in vitro digestion/fermentation models, mechanistic studies, animal experiments, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results: Current evidence shows that mushrooms contain diverse phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids such as gallic, protocatechuic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, vanillic, syringic, and cinnamic acids. Due to limited small intestine absorption, a substantial fraction of these compounds may reach the colon, where they undergo microbial biotransformation into smaller phenolic metabolites. These metabolites may influence microbial ecology, support beneficial taxa, modulate short-chain fatty acid production indirectly, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, and contribute to intestinal barrier integrity. However, most evidence derives from in vitro and preclinical studies, while human data remain limited and are mainly based on whole-mushroom interventions. Conclusions: Mushroom-derived phenolic compounds are promising prebiotic-like modulators within the microbiota–metabolite–host axis. Nevertheless, their specific contribution cannot yet be quantitatively distinguished from that of other mushroom constituents, particularly β-glucans, chitin, and other fungal polysaccharides, because most available evidence derives from whole-mushroom matrices, crude extracts, or polysaccharide-rich preparations rather than isolated phenolic fractions. Future studies should compare whole mushroom preparations, polysaccharide-rich fractions, and standardized phenolic-rich extracts, integrating metabolomics, microbiome profiling, and well-designed clinical trials to clarify the relative mechanistic and therapeutic relevance of mushroom phenolics. Future studies should use standardized phenolic-rich extracts, metabolomics, microbiome analysis, and well-designed clinical trials to clarify their mechanistic relevance, clinical significance, and translational potential.
Canine splenic hemangiosarcoma is a highly malignant vascular neoplasm and is among the most frequent and clinically relevant splenic tumors in dogs. Its biological behavior is characterized by rapid growth, marked invasiveness, and early metastatic dissemination, contributing to the poor prognosis commonly observed in affected animals. Clinically, splenic hemangiosarcoma often remains subclinical until acute presentation due to splenic rupture and hemoperitoneum, thereby substantially limiting opportunities for early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention. Despite advances in diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, and the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, the impact of current therapeutic approaches on long-term survival remains limited. Splenectomy is primarily palliative for hemorrhage control, and adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy yields only modest improvements in median survival; alternative approaches (metronomic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies) have not demonstrated consistent clinical benefit. This review summarizes the biological and pathophysiological features of canine splenic hemangiosarcoma, discusses the main clinical challenges associated with its diagnosis and staging, and critically reviews current therapeutic approaches and their limitations. By integrating biological behavior with clinical and therapeutic evidence, this article highlights the reasons why prognosis remains poor and underscores the need for more effective strategies to improve clinical outcomes in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma.
The potential of marine organisms as functional foods is increasingly recognized. Red seaweeds Grateloupia turuturu and Porphyra umbilicalis have significant potential considering their bioactive compounds and nutritional value. However, further research is required to address existing knowledge gaps, particularly regarding phytochemical composition and bioactivities. Hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts (infusion and decoction) of G. turuturu and P. umbilicalis were prepared, followed by the quantification of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) using RP-HPLC-DAD/LC-DAD-ESI-MS, and carbohydrates via colorimetry. The effect of the extracts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was assessed using Ellman’s method, and their immunomodulatory/immunostimulatory potential was evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells through nitric oxide (NO) release. Results showed that P. umbilicalis contained greater levels of MAAs per gram of extract and dry weight than G. turuturu in both hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts. Porphyra-334 was the dominant MAA in P. umbilicalis, while shinorine was in G. turuturu. Aqueous extracts contained higher carbohydrate levels than the hydroethanolic extracts. P. umbilicalis decoction showed the highest carbohydrate content per
