In the present paper, we study Neumaier Cayley graphs. First, we give a criterion for a Cayley graph to be a Neumaier graph with a spread given by the cosets of a subgroup. Further, we construct a new infinite family of Neumaier Cayley graphs of unbounded nexus. Finally, we provide an algorithm for enumerating Neumaier Cayley graphs and computational results obtained by this algorithm.
This paper reports a preliminary evaluation of the Y/N technique for producing tests of vocabulary knowledge. The results obtained suggest advantages over the more traditional multiple choice format for testing vocabulary.
In many second/foreign-language classrooms, students are expected to learn much or even most of their vocabulary without explicit instruction, simply through exposure to a rich variety of words in meaningful contexts. In fact, however, there are few studies which would allow us to estimate the number of words learners are typically exposed to in second/foreign-language classrooms. In this study, the vocabulary available in the speech of ten teachers in intensive communicative ESL classes for children in Quebec was analysed using specially designed computer programs. The words which occurred in classroom transcripts were classified according to their status as high-frequency or 'unusual' words, according to lists developed by Nation (1986). The working assumption was that a large number of unusual words would be indicative of a rich lexical environment, whereas the absence or extreme rarity of such words would indicate that the classroom vocabulary was poor. The number of unusual words was found to be quite low in short periods of classroom interaction. However, an interpretation of the findings suggest that the actual richness of the vocabulary available may be greater than it appears in terms of this measure.
Public-sector employees frequently need to make difficult decisions that may go against powerful stakeholders. Such choices often involve personal and professional risks and require courage from decision makers. This study operationalizes Kelman and colleagues' (2016) courageous decision-making construct and examines the relationship between ethical leadership and ethically motivated courageous decision making. Courageous decision making is particularly crucial in bureaucratic public organizations that face institutional voids. By analyzing multi-wave and multi-level data from 289 police officers and their 45 direct supervisors in Bangladesh, we found that ethical leadership influences courageous decision making through the mediation effects of ethics-focused dynamic capabilities (DCs). We advance the understanding of ethics-focused DCs by proposing a comprehensive framework aligned with the core dimensions of DCs (i.e., sensing, seizing, and transforming capabilities). We also show that employees' public service motivation moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and ethically motivated courageous decision making.
Abstract The Internet represents a significant communication tool for the expression of Islamic concepts and notions of identity, on web pages ranging from the constructs of organizations through to the pronouncements of individuals. Cyber Islamic Environments provide indicators of what it means to be a 'Muslim' in Britain that augment other sources of knowledge. This paper presents an overview of prominent sites, and introduces issues connected with studying Islam and Muslims through this electronic medium.
