Ryszard Górecki became its first chancellor. The Faculty of Theology was established with an agreement between the Polish Episcopate and the government, in the presence of Cardinal Józef Glemp and religious figures. The university's first academic year started in October 1999.The core structure of the university was based on an agreement between the academic senates of three institutions of higher learning already established in the city: the Academy of Agriculture and Technology, the Pedagogical Institute, and the Warmia Institute of Theology.The university has 16 faculties, out of which eight hold full academic rights and therefore entitle the university to operate as an autonomous unit..
Hydrological memory reflects the persistence of hydrological processes and plays an important role in understanding basin regime dynamics under changing climatic conditions. This study investigates the temporal stability of hydrological memory in the ten largest European basins: Volga, Danube, Dnieper, Don, Northern Dvina, Pechora, Neva, Rhine, Vistula, and Elbe. The analysis used rolling cross-correlation (CCF) and auto-correlation (ACF) functions calculated with a 50-month moving window to assess temporal changes in hydrological dependence structures. Additionally, an Instability Index was applied to quantify the variability of hydrological memory over time. The results indicate that the strongest correlations occur mainly at lag 0 and +/- 1, suggesting a relatively short hydrological memory in most basins. The lowest Instability Index was observed in the Volga basin, whereas the highest values were recorded in the Danube and Rhine basins.
This study investigated the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of kefir beverages obtained with lyophilized kefir cultures (LKC) supplemented with microbial polysaccharides (levan and pullulan) under different fermentation temperatures (22 °C and 30 °C). The antimicrobial potential of kefir was evaluated against key foodborne pathogens inoculated before and after fermentation. Results demonstrated that fermentation temperature and polysaccharide addition significantly influenced microbial growth dynamics and antibacterial activity. Kefir formulations enriched with microbial levan and fermented at 30 °C exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, and achieved the highest sensory acceptability. These findings highlight the potential of LKC-based kefir as a functional dairy beverage with enhanced probiotic viability and antimicrobial functionality.
Motivation: Russia's war against Ukraine triggered a sharp rise in cross-border mobility across Europe. Neighbouring states at the EU's periphery absorbed substantial inflows, offering safety and socio-economic stability to displaced Ukrainians. For host economies, this coincided with acute labour shortages, enabling employers to stabilise staffing while host states gained predominantly working-age residents. Aim: The main objective of the study was to determine whether the employment of migrant workers, especially from Ukraine, contributes to closing gaps in the labour markets in specific industries in Poland's border regions/voivodeships. Results: We developed an original dual profile capturing (1) the migrant/refugee entering the labour market and (2) the employer hiring them given sectoral needs and organisational capacity. Descriptive evidence shows that over half of firms operate locally, one-third nationally, 10% within the EU market, 5% across Europe, and 2% are globally oriented. Migrants are most frequently employed in construction, hospitality, retail/wholesale, and services. In over 50% of firms, migrants work more than 40 hours per week. 76% of employers expect an improved output-to-input (productivity) ratio following recruitment. The most salient enablers are economic instruments, notably greater access to national and EU funding-subsidies, tax relief, co-financed training. These results add value by providing firm-level evidence from border regions-an under-researched context-linking employers' demand with migrant integration and highlighting institutional infrastructures-qualification recognition, skills databases as decisive complements to short-term administrative simplification.
BackgroundOculodermal melanocytosis (ODM) is an uncommon congenital melanocytic disorder infrequently reported in dogs. It is characterized by dermal and ocular hyperpigmentation involving neural crest-derived tissues and may predispose affected dogs to secondary ocular complications such as glaucoma or, in exceptional cases, malignant transformation.Case presentationA 4-year-old neutered male Great Dane was presented with unilateral facial and ocular hyperpigmentation. Ophthalmic examination revealed marked pigmentation and thickening of the right iris, perilimbal and peripheral corneal pigmentation, and diffuse uveal involvement. Bilateral uveal cysts were identified. Intraocular pressure was within reference intervals but asymmetric between eyes. Fundus examination demonstrated focal tapetal hyperreflectivity and vascular attenuation in the right eye, and electroretinography confirmed reduced retinal function. Six months later, secondary glaucoma developed, necessitating enucleation. Histopathology revealed diffuse infiltration of heavily pigmented cells without cytologic atypia or mitotic activity within the sclera, uveal tract, perioptic connective tissue, and cornea. Marked goniodysgenesis was also identified, providing a structural basis for impaired aqueous outflow.ConclusionThis case expands the clinicopathologic characterization of canine oculodermal melanocytosis by documenting concurrent breed-associated uveal cysts and histologically confirmed goniodysgenesis in addition to retinal dysfunction and secondary glaucoma. The findings highlight the multifactorial nature of ocular disease in affected dog and emphasize that pigmentary disorders may coexist with independent structural abnormalities influencing intraocular pressure and retinal function. Comprehensive and repeated evaluation of both anterior and posterior segment structures is therefore essential when managing complex unilateral ocular pigmentation.
Betta channoides is an endangered freshwater fish endemic to Indonesia. This study was conducted to establish a methodology for adapting and domesticating B. channoides through breeding and restocking initiatives. Fish were successfully acclimated and bred in captivity in Depok City, West Java, Indonesia, which is significantly distant from its native habitat in East Kalimantan. A total of 100 immature fish (50 males and 50 females) were collected from the wild. The study consisted of three main experiments: (1) evaluation of rearing containers (Styrofoam box, plastic container, and glass aquarium) for 30 days with three replicates using five males and females (maintained separately); water temperature, pH, and ammonia were 27.5-30.8 degrees C, 5.2-5.6, and 0.004 mg/L, respectively; (2) gonadal maturation using Moina sp., mosquito larvae (Culex sp.), and bloodworms (Chironomus sp.) for 30 days without replication, using eight males and females in glass aquariums with water quality of 27.9-30.8 degrees C, 5.3-5.7, and 0.004 mg/L; and (3) breeding of 12 male-female pairs. A glass aquarium was the most suitable rearing container for inducing minimal stress, as indicated by the lowest blood glucose levels recorded. Chironomus sp. larvae served as the optimal nutrition source for maturation, resulting in enhanced weight gain and the highest number of mature fish. The number of larvae produced was 30.67 +/- 9.23 individuals per spawning. After the yolk absorption period of 7 days, the larvae were fed for the first time. This study provides essential data on the reproduction and early development of B. channoides to support conservation aquaculture strategies.
