University of West Yangon

This study introduces a hybrid graph-theoretic framework for heart disease prediction that integrates the Fuzzy Connectivity Index (FCI) and Wiener Connectivity Index (WCI) to enhance classification accuracy and interpretability. The proposed model begins with data preprocessing using feature standardization and one-hot encoding to handle mixed data types. A Logistic Regression classifier generates baseline membership probabilities, representing each patient’s likelihood of having heart disease. To capture inter-patient relationships, a Gaussian-based fuzzy affinity graph is constructed, modeling the similarity between patients as weighted connections. The FCI evaluates the maximum connectivity strength between patients and seed nodes through a max–min path principle, while the WCI quantifies the global compactness and efficiency of the fuzzy network. These indices are fused with probabilistic membership scores to generate refined predictions. Experimental results demonstrate that the FCI–WCI hybrid approach effectively identifies key relational patterns among patients and improves diagnostic reliability compared to traditional classifiers.

Recent results from water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions highlight the need to better understand environmental influences on enteropathogen transmission. We quantified a range of viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens and one indicator, Enterococcus faecalis in soil and water from urban and rural sites in and around Yangon, Myanmar. We found that environmental characteristics associated with contamination differed by pathogens and substrates. In soil, bacterial pathogen gene counts were associated with elevation and drainage ditches (compared to stagnant water) (RR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.93, 0.99 and RR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.18, 2.45, respectively), while viral gene counts were associated with the presence of sanitation facilities within 50 m of the collection point (RR = 3.99, 95% CI 1.12, 14.24). In water, E. faecalis, total pathogen, and bacterial pathogen gene counts were associated with drainage ditches (RR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.27, 2.72, RR = 1.38 95% CI 1.09, 1.74, and RR = 1.38 95% CI 1.07, 1.77, respectively). E. faecalis, total pathogen, bacterial pathogen, and viral gene counts were associated with the presence of uncollected garbage within 50 m of the collection point (RR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.00, 2.47, RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.16, 2.00, RR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.13, 2.06, and RR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.17, 2.61 respectively). Measuring the environment provides added specificity toward identifying important environmental pathways that require mitigation.

The phylogenetic relationships among seven Callosciurus species from the Indochina Peninsula, including the C. honkhoaiensis which is endemic to Hon Khoai Island, were studied using complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (1140 bases). We primarily focused on the phylogenetic position of C. pygerythrus, which is distributed in the western part of the peninsula. We identified two main lineages: 1) C. caniceps, C. honkhoaiensis, C. inornatus, C. phayrei and C. pygerythrus, and 2) C. erythraeus and C. finlaysonii. Estimated divergence time between the two lineages was at the junction of the Zanclean and Piacenzian in the Pliocene. Within the first linage, the divergence time of sub-lineages corresponded to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary, although phylogenetic relationships were unclear. These two divergence times estimated in the present study correspond to episodes of global cooling, suggesting that climate may have contributed to the divergence of these Callosciurus squirrels.

The Yenya-U area in the Mandalay region of central Myanmar hosts two primary sapphire deposits, at Kyauk-tagar and Kyar-gaung. The sapphires form disseminated crystals within syenite pegmatite and nepheline syenite, respectively. Kyar-gaung is a source of relatively large crystals (up to 12 g) that are translucent to opaque, while Kyauk-tagar produces fine-quality vivid-blue sapphires in smaller sizes (up to 0.4 g). Alluvial deposits in the region yield high-quality sapphires of various colours (including colourless, yellow, purple, pink, greenish blue and blue), as well as quartz, topaz, spinel, garnet, zircon, tourmaline and fluorite. The studied Yenya-U sapphires contained solid inclusions of albite, biotite, graphite, melanophlogite and diaspore. In addition, pennantite is reported here for the first time as an inclusion in corundum. CO 2 -rich fluid inclusions were commonly observed in most of the sapphires. Trace-element analyses of the sapphires are consistent with a metamorphic-metasomatic origin, mostly accompanied by desilicification processes. (C) 2021 Gem-A (The Gemmological Association of Great Britain)

Possible pollutants from industrial zones such as Aluminium (Al), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) were analysed in the muscle of some commercial fishes collected from Hlaing River near industrial zones during April 2015 to March 2017. Most of studied fishes were in good condition (K>1). Illisha megaloptera was less tolerance of heavy metal pollution than other studied fish species showing under good condition (K<1). Bioaccumulation factors of Al, Cd and As were in high value indicating long term exposure of these heavy metals to fish in the study area. Bioaccumulation factors of Al, Cd, and As were negatively correlated with condition factors of studied fishes, although those of Cr, Ni, Hg and Pb were not negatively correlated with the condition factors. Long term exposure of water pollution may decrease the fecundity of fish populations, and eventually become extinction of aquatic resources. Therefore, regular monitoring of heavy metal pollution should be conducted to prevent impacts on wellbeing of fish species in the aquatic environments.