Abstract Few national design codes for membrane structures were available. They covered specific types, such as air halls, temporary structures or mechanically tensioned structures with specific constraints. In 2023 the Technical Specification CEN TS 19102 [1] has been released, with the goal to become the future Eurocode 12, providing a common design practice within Europe. Harmonised safety levels, and commonly agreed quality standards improve the quality of the membrane industry and help to avoid doubts of clients. The standardisation process helps to keep and to improve the quality of membrane structures. In order to see the effect of the new common design approach this paper compares four verification methods applied to a hypar structure realised recently in Austria. Furthermore, it presents the specific behaviour of tensile structures to reform their geometry in most cases for a better load bearing behaviour, that's why a choice has to be made whether the partial factor should be applied on the load or on the action.
Picky eating is one of the most frequent feeding problems in childhood and is often dismissed as a normal developmental phase. Despite a steadily expanding body of research, uncertainty persists regarding its clinical relevance, assessment, and management. This review synthesizes recent evidence on picky eating in children, with a specific focus on definitions, epidemiology, developmental trajectories, underlying mechanisms, clinical impact, and interventions. Reliance on broad definitions and prevalence estimates has obscured clinically meaningful distinctions between transient, developmentally typical food selectivity and persistent patterns associated with nutritional risk, functional impairment, and family stress. Drawing on contemporary data, we propose a continuum-based, phenotype-oriented framework that emphasizes persistence, severity, and functional impact rather than food refusal alone. Advances in understanding picky eating have not consistently translated into improved clinical care, highlighting persistent gaps in implementation, access, and dissemination of evidence-based feeding guidance. Finally, we outline priorities for future research and practice aimed at improving outcomes for children with clinically relevant picky eating.
To provide a comprehensive national overview of interventional neuroradiology (INR) in Belgium through a structured survey conducted under the auspices of the Belgian Society for Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (BSITN). An anonymized online survey was distributed by email through the BSITN to all known active interventional neuroradiologists. The questionnaire assessed workforce demographics, organization of INR services, procedural activity, on-call systems, training and certification pathways, and remuneration models. Associations were tested using Fisher’s exact or chi-square tests. Workforce projections were estimated using a stock-flow model based on respondent age distribution and current training pipeline capacity. Thirty-five interventional neuroradiologists responded, representing more than 70
Belgium’s democracy, historically marked by linguistic conflicts, government crises, political gridlocks, elitism, and citizen deference, has recently been celebrated for its democratic innovations. However, this recognition only scratches the surface of Belgium’s complex democratic renewal. This chapter offers a detailed discussion, highlighting the continuous deepening and broadening of democratic innovations. We focus on the institutionalization of citizen participation within the parliamentary framework and the increasing reliance on citizens in policy implementation. We also explore Belgium’s unique political landscape, examining the historical context, the rise of mini-publics, and the role of participatory budgeting. Additionally, we provide insights into the co-production of public services by citizens. Finally, we address ongoing challenges, such as ensuring inclusivity, maximizing political impact, and responsibly and effectively integrating the private sector and new technologies in democratic innovation.
Introduction Migration is a complex global phenomenon, with millions of people relocating each year driven by various social or personal reasons. Among them, refugees and asylum seekers form a particularly vulnerable subgroup, often forced to escape conflicts, persecution or life-threatening conditions. Most mental health assessment tools, originally developed in high-income countries and validated primarily in Western populations, may lack the cultural validity needed for this demographic. The primary objective is to systematically review and synthesise the psychometric properties and cultural validity of mental health assessment tools validated for refugees and asylum seekers. Secondary objectives are to (a) identify the range of mental health symptoms these tools assess and (b) describe the geographical coverage in terms of the regions of origin and host countries where tools have been validated.Methods and analysis Reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, the review will conduct searches across different databases (ie, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL and Scopus), from inception to January 2025, with no restrictions on language. We will include validation, adaptation or diagnostic accuracy studies, as well as any other study design that reports at least one psychometric property of a mental health assessment tool. Two pairs of reviewers will screen, extract and appraise each study independently. Methodological quality will be assessed with the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) Risk-of-Bias checklist for measurement studies and QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2) for diagnostic accuracy studies; the certainty of the evidence per property will be graded using the COSMIN-GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. Narrative synthesis will be performed for all properties; where appropriate, meta-analyses will pool Cronbach’s α (Fisher-Z), intraclass correlations and sensitivity/specificity estimates using random-effects models. Inconsistency will be explored with subgroup analyses and meta-regressions; publication bias will be investigated with funnel plots and Egger’s test when ≥10 studies are available.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review, as no empirical data will be collected. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication in a scientific journal and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration number CRD42024510901.
