万科企业股份有限公司

This paper analyzes what the three most vital gaming console platforms do to capture a larger market share by comparing how Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo compete with each other and attract more players. This paper combines economic marketing frameworks, such as STP and 4P models, and theory on network effects to analyze market facts: Sony has sold more than 80 million PS5 units, Xbox has the Game Pass model, and Nintendo launched the Switch 2. PlayStations premium-immersion strategycinematic exclusives, DualSense, and PSVR2builds a high-cost brand image. By contrast, Xbox is known for its price-performance ratio and cloud gaming to play across devices. In addition, Nintendos approach is portable and independent IP. There are three main questions to explain how it works. The first research question is how three companies differentiate their market positions; the second one is about their main competitive tactics; the last one is what are the differences among their advertising and marketing approaches. This paper will synthesize recent market facts and use economic theories to solve these questions.

PS 1: Climate Change and Health – ‘Examining the impact of climate change on migration patterns and health outcomes’ - Patricia Schwerdtle and Jiming Zhu, Auditorium A & B (Rectory), September 3, 2025, 11:00 - 12:00 The increasing frequency and severity of natural disasters pose mounting challenges to social stability, public infrastructure, and public health. Migrants are particularly vulnerable, often facing disproportionate health risks and reduced access to health care following disaster exposure, which may diminish their willingness to settle in urban areas and undermine sustainable urbanization. While previous research has primarily focused on economic losses and social relations disruptions associated with natural disasters, there remains limited empirical evidence on the health-related pathways linking natural disasters to migrants’ settlement intentions. This study investigates the mediating role of health deterioration in the relationship between disaster exposure and settlement intentions among migrants in China. Utilizing data from (1) the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (2009–2018), encompassing nearly 1.2 million individuals, and (2) the official national meteorological disaster records, we construct comprehensive health indicators, including self-rated health, chronic conditions/disabilities, and healthcare accessibility. Measures of settlement intention and residential duration are also incorporated. A dynamic model is employed to assess the long-term health effects of disaster exposure, while structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to examine the mediating role of health in shaping migrants’ settlement decisions. Our findings are expected to provide public health-oriented evidence to inform policy efforts aimed at migrant integration, equitable urban development, and more resilient disaster response systems.

Against the backdrop of unbalanced urban-rural development in China, the digital transformation of rural areas has become a key path to address the dilemmas of rural development, improve agricultural production efficiency, and promote industrial upgrading. Taking Dayi County of Sichuan Province as a case study, this research conducts on-site investigations into the application of digital technology in local fields such as cultural tourism, people's livelihoods, and digital agriculture. It comprehensively evaluates the application effects and development potential of digital technology in agricultural production, rural governance, cultural inheritance, and other aspects, explores the practical benefits of the digital economy for rural development, and aims to provide theoretical basis and practical references for improving rural digital policies. The study finds that some rural areas have established relatively complete digital infrastructure and industrial systems, laying a foundation for sustainable development. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the development of digital cultural tourism, the digital inheritance of traditional culture, and the popularization and application of intelligent equipment. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen policy support and technological investment targeting these weak links, while focusing on development strategies based on regional differences to promote the balanced development of rural digital transformation. It is worth noting that the application of digital technology must be combined with the actual needs of local areas to truly play its positive role in promoting rural revitalization, and efforts should be made to meet the needs of different regions.

Single mothers in China frequently face complex pressures which specifically include economic strain, psychological and emotional burdens, the challenges of single parenting, and inadequacies in social support and policy frameworks. This study examines single-parent households in China's first- and second-tier cities, where mothers independently rear children and belong to the middle-to-high income category. This research starts with the demystification of masculine identity and the constitution of the gentle emotional cycle as background theories, demonstrating that contemporary gender issues decisively influence the mental health and family dynamics of single mothers through distinct collective identifications. Single mothers must not only contend with external societal pressures but also confront the challenge posed by their children's emerging gender perspectives. This challenge frequently touches upon mothers' value recognition regarding their own life choices, triggering profound existential anxieties. However, research has also observed positive adaptive patterns: mothers who establish family dialogue mechanisms transcending value conflicts successfully resolve intergenerational tensions by shifting the focus of interaction from ideological competition to emotional connection. This transformation requires mothers to possess considerable emotional regulation skills, enabling them to maintain their self-identity while adopting an open attitude towards understanding their children's conceptual world. In such circumstances, when considering the pressures stemming from unequal resource distribution and gender norms in modern society, the psychological burden faced by a single mother in China can be fully delineated.

This paper examines the welfare impact of intermediate goods tariffs imposed during the U.S.-China trade war (2018-2020) on consumers, producers, and employment in both economies. Combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, we utilize government reports, corporate case studies (e.g., Apple, BYD, Whirlpool), and industry data (washing machine prices, soybean exports, employment trends) to trace tariff transmission through global value chains (GVCs). U.S. consumers bore 108–225% tariff pass-through costs, with washing machine prices rising 12% (86/unit),reducingrealincomesby1.4B monthly. U.S. producers saw short-term gains in protected sectors (e.g., steel output ↑1.9%), but net losses prevailed due to input cost surges (3.5Bdownstreamdamage)and inefficientreshoring(820K per job created). Chinese SMEs suffered profit margin declines (0.35% per 1% tariff rise), triggering 10–20% workforce reductions and supply chain relocations to Southeast Asia, exacerbating hidden unemployment. Tariffs targeting intermediate goods—deeply embedded in GVCs—impose multi-stakeholder welfare losses. Policymakers should prioritize supply chain diversification and critical intermediate goods tariff exemptions over decoupling. By focusing on intermediate goods as the core transmission channel, this study pioneers a systematic analysis of their multi-dimensional welfare impacts across economies, revealing the trade war’s true costs beyond gross trade statistics.