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The problem of Rayleigh waves propagating in Eringen’s (integral) nonlocal piezoelectric half-spaces has been investigated (Thin-Walled Structures 208 (2025), 112765; Vietnam Journal of Mechanics 41 (2019), 363–371). However, since the authors employed the non-equivalent differential nonlocal model, which lacks the constitutive boundary conditions and the Eringen method, which does not satisfy the original equations of motion, the obtained solution is not the desired one. The main aim of this paper is to reconsider this problem. The problem is first reformulated using the equivalent differential nonlocal piezoelectricity model that includes the constitutive boundary conditions. Then, the well-posedness of the problem is examined using a recently established criterion (Proc. R. Soc. A 480 (2293) 20230814, 2024). Finally, its solution is derived using a novel method (Proc. R. Soc. A 480 (2293) 20230814, 2024) that satisfies the constitutive boundary conditions and the original equations of motion. The solution provides the expressions for displacements, electric potential, stresses, electric displacements as well as the dispersion equation and the H/V ratio. Numerical results demonstrate that the nonlocality decreases the Rayleigh wave velocity and increases the H/V ratio, while the piezoelectricity increases both the Rayleigh wave velocity and the H/V ratio.
Enterprise competitiveness is a pivotal concept in business and economic studies, serving as a key factor in a company's capacity to achieve sustainable growth, sustain market relevance, and create value within a competitive environment. In this study, we employ fifteen indicators spanning financial, production, and marketing functions to measure competitiveness. Given that the enterprise competitiveness index is synthesized from the hierarchical nature of these indicators, we utilize hierarchical data envelopment analysis (HDEA) to endogenously determine weights, enabling the aggregation of indicators to derive a comprehensive competitiveness index. This approach allows businesses to understand their competitive position better and identify specific areas for improvement. By analyzing data from 951 Indonesian listed companies, we illustrate the practical application of this index, enabling businesses to identify areas for strategic improvement. (c) 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of College of Management, National Cheng Kung University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
The delivery of inhaled drugs is a critical and evolving strategy in modern medicine that offers distinct advantages over other routes of administration. Compared to traditional methods such as oral, intravenous, or transdermal delivery, inhalation provides rapid onset, high local drug concentrations, reduced systemic side-effects, and improved patient compliance. In addition to its established use for the treatment of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), recent technological advancements have expanded its application in systemic therapies, vaccines, and biologics. Innovative devices like dry powder inhalers, soft mist inhalers, and smart inhalers, integrated with digital health technologies, enable precise dosing, adherence monitoring, and potential personalization of therapy. Emerging trends, such as inhaled nanoparticles, gene and RNA therapies, and inhaled vaccines, have redefined the landscape of inhalation drug delivery. Despite these advances, challenges remain in terms of formulation stability, device compatibility, interpatient variability, and environmental concerns related to propellants. Future research should emphasize green technologies, integration with telehealth, patient-specific inhaler matching, and broader therapeutic applications beyond pulmonary diseases. As device engineering, digital health, and biopharmaceutical research converge, inhalation therapy has become an essential component of precision and patient-centric medicine, providing new avenues for disease treatment and prevention under both local and systemic conditions.
This study examines post-adoption food-purchasing behavior by explaining consumers’ continuance intention to use food delivery applications (FDAs). Consumers’ perceived value was conceptualized as three reflective-formative higher-order constructs (utilitarian, hedonic, and social value), and satisfaction and habit were modeled as parallel mediators to examine continued FDA use. Data were collected through an online survey of 440 respondents with prior experience using FDAs and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. Eight of the 11 hypotheses were supported. Habit had the strongest direct effect on continuance intention, followed by satisfaction, utilitarian value, and social value. Utilitarian value influenced continuance intention directly and indirectly through satisfaction; hedonic value influenced continuance intention indirectly through satisfaction and habit, particularly habit; and social value influenced continuance intention directly and indirectly through habit. The model explained 67.15% of the variance in continuance intention, 67.00% in satisfaction, and 36.47% in habit. These findings show that conscious evaluation and automatic repetition are distinct but complementary mechanisms through which perceived values sustain FDA continuance. The study offers practical implications for functional service design, enjoyable use experiences, social features, and habit formation.
The integration of technology into coaching has reshaped tactical decision-making. Yet, in fast-paced sports such as table tennis, real-time tactical analysis tools remain underdeveloped, particularly in Taiwan. This study develops a mobile application that assists coaches and players in real-time decision-making by applying the Best–Worst Method (BWM), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique. Expert consultation with coaches, players, and system developers identified thirteen evaluation criteria, which were systematically weighted using BWM. The highest-priority factors—immediacy, functionality, customization, dependability, and adaptability—guided the app’s design. The system includes modules for live scoring analysis, tactical charting, bounce point visualization, and match data entry. This research provides a structured framework that links coaching needs with system design through BWM, contributing theoretical insights into technology-supported coaching and practical tools for enhancing situational awareness and match performance.
