.
Optical interference coatings are often applied on both sides of a substrate. We show a concept for an adaptation of broadband monitoring of layer thickness for coating machines that allow simultaneous stack deposition. The underlying algorithm can be used to calculate the optical response of a single substrate with coating stacks on both sides, as well as two substrates mounted on top of each other with a coating stack on one side each.
The rise of social media has offered adolescents opportunities for development and learning but has also introduced new challenges such as cyberhate. This study explores the dynamics of cyberhate among Ukrainian adolescents, focusing on exposure, victimization, and perpetration in the context of the ongoing war and displacement. Drawing on a sample of 4160 participants aged 10 to 25, we analyzed the relation between these roles using social learning theory as our conceptual framework. We also considered gender, age, and direct exposure to war activities in relation to cyberhate perpetration. Our findings indicate that males are significantly more likely to be perpetrators compared to females. Furthermore, victims of cyberhate and cyberbullying demonstrate a higher tendency to perpetrate cyberhate, suggesting a cyclical pattern of aggression. Individuals with cyberhate victims in their social circles, or those generally exposed to cyberhate, are more likely to become perpetrators as well. These insights contribute to the discourse on cyberhate prevention, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
Vapor phase deposition processes hold great potential for industrializing the deposition of perovskite-based absorbers, offering a pathway to commercialization.
Background: Canada increasingly diverse populations face increased social and health inequities. VON embraces the opportunity to co-design community support services with equity-seeking populations.Community outreach and program co-design were exemplified in the culturally appropriate Meals on Wheels (MOW) pilot program in the highly diverse Mississauga community in Ontario. As per 2023 Ontario Health data, 57% of Mississauga population are visible minorities, 6% are older adults, of which 6% are low-income. Low-income racialized populations are often subject to higher rates of food insecurity, particularly among older adults with mobility challenges and declining functional ability. This subjects them to a greater risk of malnutrition, which subsequently increases the risks of falls in older adults () and increases mortality and length of stay in hospitals (2). As food is often tied to peoples identities, the MOW program was co-designed with community members, clients, families, and community partners to better serve equity-deserving populations. Approach: Partnerships were established with community organizations, food banks, meal kitchen staff, other MOW providers, seniors apartment buildings, community centers, community health centers and faith-based organizations. Multi-pronged methods were utilized to gather community insights on needs, values, and preferences. Interviews, surveys and focus groups gathered insights from community residents, partners, volunteers, and program staff. From this, VON realized the need for Human-Centred Co-design. All partners worked together to address the design challenge - How might we meet diverse nutritional needs and choices (cultural, language, physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, financial) of the Mississauga community while simplifying interactions with the program staff. During co-design, partners tested culturally diverse meals to gain an understanding of the look, feel, taste, and portion size. Honorariums were provided to reduce barriers to engagement. Results: The codesign focused on topics that fell in the intersectionality of what was desirable by the community, operationally feasible and financially sustainable. Community engagements identified barriers to prepared meals, including lack of program awareness, stigma, costs, language barriers, and the absence of cultural diversity in meals. The patient journey was mapped during the co-design, from learning about the program to intake, costs, communication, delivery, and meal consumption. Community experts were crucial in informing program staff how to de-colonizethe program awareness and referral strategies and offer multiple menus based on clients cultural preferences. Techniques were adopted to better assist clients with diverse abilities and continue community partnerships with ongoing outreach and awareness. These learnings were rolled out as a pilot in two phases and were evaluated for client and family satisfaction and experience. Implications: Cultural sensitivity training for all program staff enhanced knowledge for working with equity-seeking populations. Co-design does not stop at implementation; it is integral for program implementation and evaluation to stay relevant to the community. Ongoing outreach and partnerships were critical in maintaining program awareness, real-time data collection for responsive programming, and co-designed surveys to capture the right indicators. With Ontario Health support, VON successfully completed the pilot. Practical lessons from this initiative will continue to inspire VON journey to co-design other programs and services to reduce social and health inequities. References:. Ishida Y, Maeda K, Nonogaki T, Shimizu A, Yamanaka Y, Matsuyama R, Kato R, Mori N. Malnutrition at admission predicts in-hospital falls in hospitalized older adults. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 20;2(2):54.2. Nigatu YD, Gebreyesus SH, Allard JP, Endris BS. The effect of malnutrition at admission on length of hospital stay among adult patients in developing country: A prospective cohort study. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 202 Feb ;4:27-24.
Digital planning and diagnostics in dentistry, particularly in the field of implantology, have made significant progress in recent years. 3D imaging, especially with CBCT, has become a helpful tool for the precise positioning of implants, the application of minimally invasive techniques, and the planning of bone augmentation procedures. While CBCT offers increased diagnostic accuracy, it is associated with a higher radiation dose compared to conventional 2D imaging. Modern CBCT units offer various settings to obtain indication-based imaging with minimal radiation exposure. CBCT is used for various clinical indications, such as CAD/CAM-guided augmentation surgery and navigational surgery, which enables minimally invasive implant placement. Given the higher radiation dose, it is important to select the individual setting parameters in such a way that the diagnostic and therapeutic benefits outweigh the possible risk. The effective implementation of these technologies requires training and the establishment of standardized workflows to improve treatment outcomes and reduce patient morbidity.
