温州医科大学

Objectives Plant-based diets are widely promoted for cardiometabolic and brain health, yet their associations with health may depend on the quality of the plant foods consumed. Whether healthy and unhealthy plant-based diet quality differ in their associations with brain structure across the whole brain remains unclear. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of 23,460 participants with 24-h dietary recalls and brain MRI, we performed an imaging-wide association study of standardized healthy (hPDI) and unhealthy (uPDI) plant-based diet indices against 910 imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) spanning structural, diffusion, and functional MRI. Multivariable linear regression (adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, household income, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and total energy intake) yielded standardized beta coefficients; category-level and global false-discovery-rate (FDR) correction controlled multiple testing. The overall plant-based diet index (PDI), energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), DII, DASH, and AHEI served as comparison scores. Results uPDI showed widespread associations, with 187 white-matter diffusion and 110 structural-volume IDPs reaching category-FDR < 0.05, versus 1 and 19, respectively, for hPDI. Higher uPDI was associated with greater normalized grey-matter volume (beta=0.038, 95% CI 0.028 to 0.047) and higher fornix fractional anisotropy (beta=0.029, 95% CI 0.018 to 0.040). hPDI and uPDI were weakly correlated (Pearson r=0.230), and variance inflation factors were 1.16 and 1.13, respectively. In models including both indices, uPDI retained category-FDR-significant associations with 89 structural and 46 diffusion IDPs. The overall PDI and E-DII also showed widespread imaging associations; after mutual adjustment for overall PDI, uPDI retained associations with only 20 structural and 1 diffusion IDP. Conclusions Unhealthy plant-based diet quality was associated with broad structural and white-matter imaging signatures that were substantially more numerous than those observed for healthy plant-based diet quality and remained evident after mutual adjustment for hPDI. Higher uPDI was associated with greater normalized grey-matter volume and higher fornix fractional anisotropy, a direction that was contrary to expectations based on prior literature. The findings from the overall PDI further indicate that much of this uPDI signal overlapped with overall plant-versus-animal dietary composition, leaving only a limited independent signal after mutual adjustment; these associations therefore cannot be attributed specifically to the quality of plant foods and warrant longitudinal confirmation.

Zn-0.4 Sr and Zn-0.8 Sr (wt%) alloys (denoted ZS0.4 and ZS0.8) were processed by a single-pass friction stir processing (FSP) using a non-shouldered spiral tool (10 mm diameter, 2 degrees tilt angle) at 1300 rpm, 200 mm/min traverse speed, and similar to 1 mm plunge depth at room temperature. Mechanical properties were evaluated using tensile testing, nanoindentation, and Vickers and Brinell hardness measurements. Corrosion and degradation behaviors were assessed via electrochemical polarization and 30-day immersion in Hanks' solution and DMEM + FBS. Tribocorrosion resistance was examined by reciprocating friction tests under dry conditions and in liquid-wetted environments of Hanks' solution and DMEM + FBS. Biological performance was assessed using MC3T3-E1, MG-63, and hBMSC cultures, along with a rat subcutaneous implantation model. The horizontally tested ZS0.8 exhibited an exceptional strength-elongation product of 4.1 GPa%, with an ultimate tensile strength of 258 MPa, a yield strength of 210 MPa, an elongation of 15.9%, and a nanoindentation hardness of 2.6 GPa for the SrZn(13)phase, compared with 0.7 GPa for the alpha-Zn matrix. Electrochemical corrosion rates of ZS0.8 were 388 mu m/y in Hanks' and 216 mu m/y in DMEM + FBS, while 30-day degradation rates were 44.9 mu m/y and 27.2 mu m/y, respectively. ZS0.8 also exhibited superior tribocorrosion resistance. Biologically, 25% and 50% extracts of ZS0.8 enhanced MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 viability, promoted hBMSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, showed potent anti-Staphylococcus aureusactivity both in vitro and in vivo, and maintained good biosafety. These findings demonstrate a favorable balance of mechanical, degradation, and biological properties for load-bearing bone-fixation applications.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells, yet current therapies fail to correct underlying energy metabolism defects. While exogenous mitochondrial transplantation offers a promising strategy, its clinical translation is hindered by rapid loss of mitochondrial bioactivity ex vivo, poor delivery efficiency, and lysosomal degradation following cellular uptake. Here, we developed a biomimetic coacervate-based protocell system (HTP) via liquid-liquid phase separation of polyethylene glycol, tannic acid, and sodium hyaluronate for efficient encapsulation and delivery of functional mitochondria (HTP@Mito). HTP protocells preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis capacity for up to 72 h in HBSS buffer at 37°C, far exceeding the viability of free mitochondria. Notably, HTP markedly enhanced intracellular delivery of isolated mitochondria via lipid-raft-mediated endocytosis. In a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine UC model, rectally administrating HTP@Mito achieved superior therapeutic efficacy via restoring ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, by reducing oxidative stress, HTP@Mito rescued lysosomal function and restored impaired autophagic flux, thereby promoting mitophagy to clear damaged mitochondria. HTP@Mito treatment also repaired intestinal epithelial tight junctions, restored goblet cell-derived mucus secretion, and rebalanced gut microbiota by increasing beneficial Lachnospiraceae while reducing pathogenic Escherichia-Shigella. Collectively, this work established a versatile, biomimetic organelle delivery platform that could correct mitochondrial energy deficiency in the intestinal epithelium, providing a framework for mitochondrial transplantation in ulcerative colitis.

The current management of neurological disorders remains largely symptomatic. In recent years, stem cell–derived exosomes have emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic strategy. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from preclinical studies investigating the mechanisms and efficacy of exosome-based therapy for neurological conditions. The included studies encompass animal models and in vitro systems. Accumulating preclinical evidence consistently supports the therapeutic potential of stem cell–derived exosomes across several neurological disorders. In Alzheimer’s disease models, stem cell–derived exosomes reduce β-amyloid plaque deposition and attenuate neuroinflammation. For Parkinson’s disease, they exert neuroprotective effects on dopaminergic neurons. They also inhibit α-synuclein aggregation. In ischemic stroke and spinal cord injury, stem cell–derived exosomes promote functional recovery through multiple mechanisms. These include suppressing ferroptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and stimulating axonal regeneration. Improved delivery strategies, such as intranasal administration and hydrogel encapsulation, have further enhanced brain targeting and treatment durability. Despite these promising preclinical findings, several challenges remain. A primary issue is the lack of standardized preparation protocols. Significant uncertainties also exist regarding long-term safety. Furthermore, pathways for clinical translation are still unclear. Future research should prioritize elucidating the underlying mechanisms of exosome therapy. The refinement of targeted delivery systems is equally important. Finally, advancing rigorously designed clinical trials is crucial to facilitate the translation of these therapies into clinical practice.

Multicolor fluorescent polymer materials (MFPMs), owing to their rich color palette, hold significant value across various applications, such as in biomaterials and display materials. To construct these materials, the traditional approach involves incorporating multiple fluorescent molecules of different colors. However, this approach introduces a range of complexities and challenges associated with multiple fluorophores, encompassing aspects such as structural design, synthesis methodologies, purification demands, as well as the practical operability in application scenarios. To overcome this issue, a single fluorophore exhibiting multiple fluorescent colors has been discovered and introduced into MFPMs. This strategy has significantly propelled the vigorous development of multiple research fields, such as information anti-counter-feiting and optoelectronic materials. This review summarizes the recently developed MFPMs based on a single fluorescent molecule, elucidates their preparation methods and color conversion mechanisms, analyzes their application prospects, and offers some insights into the further advancement of this field. This review provides guidance for the design of novel multicolor fluorescent materials and fosters progress in the areas of fluorescent materials, polymer science, and materials science as a whole.