Rainfall characteristics during the rice growth period were analyzed using long-term data (1986–2017) from three typical irrigation stations, namely, Pinghu, Jinqing, and Yongkang in East China. Annual rainfall, concentration indices, and monthly distributions were examined, and the soil–water balance method was applied to estimate effective rainfall (precipitation) from 2018 to 2020. Results showed that rainfall during the growth period generally accounted for 40–80% of the annual total rainfall, with more than 60% of the years exceeding half of the annual rainfall. The effective precipitation utilization coefficients at Pinghu Station reached 0.573, 0.644, and 0.764 in 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively, indicating relatively high utilization efficiency and confirming effective precipitation as a major water source during rice growth. High utilization was observed for extreme rainfall events (≥30 mm or ≤5 mm), whereas moderate rainfall (5–30 mm) showed larger variability due to soil and management factors. To further improve quantitative assessment, a Support Vector Regression (SVR) model was employed to predict daily effective precipitation using rainfall, antecedent precipitation index (API), drought days, and extreme rainfall indicators as inputs. The effective precipitation utilization coefficient was then derived as the ratio of effective to total precipitation. The optimized SVR model achieved a coefficient of determination of R2=0.904 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.58 mm for daily effective precipitation, effectively capturing the nonlinear relationship between rainfall characteristics and effective precipitation. These findings highlight that the machine learning method can complement existing estimation models, offering an alternative tool for irrigation scheduling and water-saving crop cultivation.
The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway is pivotal in tumorigenesis. PIK3CA, a PI3K isoform, is one of the most frequently mutated genes, occurring in approximately 14% of cancers and in up to 40% of breast cancers. PIK3CA mutations are highly enriched at “hotspot” amino acid sites in the helical domain (E542K, E545K) and kinase domain (H1047R/L). PI3Kα mutations are often oncogenic drivers of other refractory cancers, including gastric cancer, colon cancer, uterine cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Orthosteric inhibitors of PI3Kα, such as alpelisib and inavolisib have been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced HR+/HER2− breast cancer. However, alpelisib and inavolisib lack mutant selectivity and inhibit WT PI3Kα, which plays a critical role in cellular glucose homeostasis, resulting in dose-limiting toxicity such as hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. Selective targeting of mutant PI3Kα is anticipated to enhance antitumor efficacy and mitigate the toxicity associated with wild-type PI3Kα inhibition in normal tissues. Multiple allosteric and mutant-selective PI3Kα inhibitors have been successfully developed into clinical stage, including LOXO-783 (NCT05307705), RLY-2608 (NCT05216432) and STX-478 (NCT05768139). TY-2291 is an allosteric and mutant-selective PI3Kα inhibitor developed by TYK Medicines Inc. TY-2291 is a potent kinase inhibitor of mutant PI3Kα with high selectivity over WT PI3Kα. In in vitro antiproliferative test, TY-2291 showed better antiproliferative activity against multiple PI3Kα mutant cells than LOXO-783, STX-478, and RLY-2608. In the mouse HCC1954 CDX model, TY-2291 showed potent tumor-inhibitory activity and excellent tolerance. TY-2291 also demonstrated excellent DMPK properties and desirable drug-like properties. In the insulin tolerance test, TY-2291 had no effect on fasting plasma glucose levels after four days of treatment. In conclusion, we have identified a potent allosteric and mutant-selective PI3Kα inhibitor. Our findings indicate that TY-2291 may significantly enhance the therapeutic index of PI3Kα-mutant cancers in the absence of PI3Kα WT-related toxicities. Chengshan Niu, Shengli Dong, Shaoqing Chen, Kaige Ji, Maolin Zheng, Mingtao Chen, Yuanjie Li, Meihua Li, Zhengfei Guo, Hongqiang Li, Yu Yu, Xinlong Yang, Chao Zhou, Apeng Liang, Yin Zhou, Wei Wu, Mingyu Jiang, Jun Li, Yusheng Wu. Identification and characterization of an allosteric and mutant-selective PI3Kα inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 5977.
To develop a novel pH-responsive multifunctional wound dressing, this study designed a ferulic acid (FA)–cellulose-grafted polymer that leverages the pH-responsive properties of FA. This polymer enables the rapid detection of pH fluctuations in wound environments and effectively monitors acute inflammatory changes. This study innovatively employed FA as the functional compound, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/ascorbic acid (AA) as the catalytic system, and hydrogen peroxide as the initiator, successfully achieving a grafting reaction between cellulose and FA. Through optimized experiments, the optimal amounts of the FA, AA, HRP enzyme, and hydrogen peroxide were determined. Under these optimal conditions, the K/S value of the FA-grafted fabrics exceeded one, with a grafting rate surpassing 1%. The structure of the cellulose–FA was characterized by FT-IR, HPLC, and 1H NMR, and the possible grafting mechanisms were analyzed. Subsequently, FA-grafted fabric samples were immersed in solutions with varying pH levels, and the material’s pH responsiveness was analyzed through color changes. When the solution’s pH shifted from 3 to 12, the grafted fabric exhibited significant color variations. Consequently, FA-grafted cellulose shows great potential for monitoring skin wound acidity/alkalinity changes and detecting inflammatory responses.
The integration of culture and tourism has become a core driver for the high-quality development of China’s tourism industry. Meanwhile, the global expansion of integrated cultural-tourism products is crucial for enhancing the nation’s international cultural soft power. As a key link connecting the supply of cultural and tourism resources with market demand, the effectiveness of tourism management directly affects the depth of cultural and tourism integration and the success of its global expansion. Currently, tourism management in the context of cultural and tourism integration faces multiple bottlenecks. For instance, insufficient cross departmental coordination in the management system, resulting in weak overall planning for the globalization of cultural tourism; superficial exploration of cultural resources and severe homogenization of cultural tourism products, coupled with inadequate international adaptability; a shortage of interdisciplinary talent possessing cultural interpretation skills, tourism operation experience, and an international perspective; and low levels of international adaptation and digital intelligence within the service system. To address these issues, it is necessary to promote the optimization and upgrading of tourism management by establishing a collaborative and efficient management system; deepening the exploration of cultural resources; innovating products to meet international demand; cultivating interdisciplinary talent; enhancing an internationally oriented intelligent service system; and strengthening communication and risk control mechanisms for the globalization of cultural tourism. This initiative will not only resolve the obstacles to the integrated development of domestic culture and tourism but also provide solid support for the globalization of cultural‑tourism, contributing to the high-quality development of the tourism industry and the building of China’s cultural soft power.
