In wireless ad hoc networks, where conventional infrastructure is lacking, effective routing algorithms, security mechanisms, and energy efficiency are critical challenges. While existing cluster-based routing protocols demonstrate efficiency, the absence of a comprehensive approach for selecting cluster heads based on multiple parameters remains a gap. Addressing this multi-objective challenge is pivotal in optimizing cluster-based routing. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) emerges as a key algorithm for path selection, while the integration of Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) enhances route longevity and reliability. The proposed system introduces cluster-based region formation coupled with the selection of trusted cluster heads, enriching routing paths. It prioritizes paths with heavy weights and fewer links, optimizing efficiency. Implementation of the proposed system yields a notable increase in delivery ratio to 96% marking a significant advancement in wireless ad hoc network performance.
Globally, all sectors of the economy broadly use digital technologies. In connection to this, knowing the digitalisation level is helpful for companies in many ways. Today's enterprises also aim to gauge their level of digitalisation in order to maintain competitive advantage in an increasingly digital environment Thus, this study aimed to investigate the digitalisation level and propose digitalisation improvement guide at selected private banks. Knowing the level of digitalisation is helpful in identifying where potential improvements are needed and in setting strategic priorities. By leveraging digitisation, banks can offer improved customer service. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used. The digitalisation level of the selected private banks was determined based on certain dimensions. The result indicates that the digitalisation level of private banks is found to be at 'good' level with some variations from bank to bank. Finally, a digitalisation guide is proposed for future improvement.
To overcome the inadequacies of India's electronic voting systems with respect to security, auditability, reliability, and trust, this study proposes a blockchain-based solution that attempts to improve the glitches of electronic voting machine (EVM) tampering and data integrity issues. The proposed three-phase authentication (ThPA) model compares feature-wise with the existing models such as Follow My Vote, Agora Blockchain, and Polys. The design architecture of our proposed model is described in two stages. The first stage is voter validation through biometric data and storing information into a blockchain server, and the second stage has three-way voter authentication encryption, which is utilised for voting by using voter-registered data for identification and authorisation. The model characteristics found out that it used multilayer authentication, less energy consumption and is both highly secure and scalable. The proposed ThPA, can enhance the electoral process itself in India by enabling transparent and auditable elections.
This study aims to analyse the relationship between the quality of e-government services (e-GovQual), user satisfaction, and public trust. Quantitative research methods are used with a survey approach as material for statistical data analysis. As seen in the results, the quality of e-government services on the Smartdukcapil Pandeglang Regency website has been rated effective by service users. Information quality is the most important indicator of e-GovQual. User satisfaction with e-GovQual is also considered good by public service. Satisfaction with the overall electronic service is the most important indicator of user satisfaction. Public trust in is also considered good; competency is the most important indicator of citizen trust and e-GovQual has a positive effect on user satisfaction. This shows that good e-GovQual will increase user satisfaction. User satisfaction has a positive effect on citizen trust. This shows that user satisfaction with e-government services will increase public trust in the government.
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) bridge physical and digital processes, offering transformative potential for e-government. This study investigates CPS-social media integration in Malaysian Government agencies, proposing a framework grounded in ten critical CPS characteristics. By engaging 30 participants across four ministries, findings revealed that CPS integration enhances real-time data analytics, scalable infrastructure, and secure interoperability, addressing fragmented communication and privacy risks. Key advancements include AI-driven insights, user-friendly interfaces, and policy compliance, improving operational efficiency and crisis responsiveness. Remarkably, 83.3% of participants endorsed CPS for streamlining decision-making, and 76.7% highlighted its role in crisis management - capabilities unattainable via traditional tools. The framework mitigates infrastructural and skill barriers, positioning CPS as pivotal for modernising Malaysia's e-governance. By aligning with national digital goals, it fosters public trust through ethical, data-driven governance. These insights offer actionable pathways for policymakers to prioritise CPS adoption, ensuring equitable service delivery.
