The prévalence and the severity of malaria has increased since pesticide resistance against the Anopheles vector and amino 4 quinolone resistance against the plasmodial parasite become widespread. Chemoprophylaxis is based on the use of five drugs alone or in combination according to local resistance patterns and the lasting of sojourn on endemic area: Chloroquine, Proguanil, Chloroquine and Proguanil, Mefloquine, Doxycycline. It must be combined with preventive recommendation such the use of impregnated nets.
Today, serotherapy is the only specific treatment used against the scorpionique envenomation. This treatment was associated with other drugs as a symptomatic and supportive care. The anti-venom against scorpion stings is still prepared using the conventional manufacturing production. To evaluate the efficacy of the anti-venom, different protocols are used: The immunization of animals (rabbit and horse) with a whole toxic fraction prepared by molecular filtration was the first step to improve the anti-venom. Some observations also show the need for the quality control of this preparation of anti-venom. In this study, we describe the use the toxic fraction isolated from Androctonus australis Hector in the new protocol of anti-venom production. The quality control of the product is evaluated by using a combination of experimental immunological assay systems (ELISA, Hemaglutination, in vivo assessment of the neutralization of the lethal effect of the venom).
Bifidobacteria represents the major constituents of the human intestinal microflora. It's a non mobile Gram (+) bacteria, which interest almost of the research about the relationships between the intestinal flora and human health. Bifidobacteria has an inhibition activity on the growth of the Campylobacter and E. coli G.E.I., in case of children gastro-intestinal infections by mixed cultivation in reconstituted infant milk adapted for the first age. This activity is the result of a group of mechanisms acting at the same time, it's probably the following: Competition of the nutrients indispensable for bacterial growth, action of the produced acid do not favorite the growth of the active pathogens germs (bactériocine) with acid pH.
Almost all the rubeolic reinfections are not apparent and are without any risk for the fetus. The news born's case (2nd in children) which is described here, presents a bilateral cataract. We have found positive IgA, IgG and IgM and an antibodies avidity of 70%. Concerning the mother, there are no IgM. The IgM and IgA are positive. The avidity of the antibodies is upper than 90%. During her first pregancy, the mother was subjected to the search of the antibodies, the results are positive (title = 60 ul/ml) and during her second pregnancy, the mother had rubeollic contact with her eldest son. Our conclusion is that it is a congenital rubella resulting from a reinfection.
The purpose of this study is to identity the strains of Echinococcus granulosus the causative agent of unilocular hydatid in Algeria--a high endemic area. For this, the authors established a simple and reproductible electrophoretic techniques for iso enzyme analysis of protoscoleces. The enzymatic extracts of protoscoleces from various hosts and localisations of hidatic cystic analysed by these electrophoretic techniques showed variable electrophoretic profils witness the existence of various strains.
The identification and antibiotic sensibility of 188 strains of streptocoques pyogenes had been performed from 1994 to March 1998. We were interested on active antibiotics against streptocoques pyogenes: beta lactamins (penicillin-ampicillin) and macrolids (erythromycin). The aim of this study is to reveal resistances and calculate percentages of resistant strains to these antibiotics. The WHO recommend to treat streptococcal sore throat with penicillin, and with erythromycin when there is a proved inhibility to the penicillin. No penicillin resistant streptocoques pyogenes has been found in the world, that concords with our study: all strains (188 sp.) are penicillin sensitive. Macrolids resistant strains of streptocoques pyogenes has been described by a lot of countries with different distributions. In our study global percentage of resistant strains to erythromycin is 24% and 29% for throat specimen.
The present study aimed at homogenizing the use of DNA tools for Leishmania parasite characterization in two endemic countries, Algeria and Tunisia. Two genomic DNA probes, pDK10 and pDK20, previously developped in Tunisia, were here applied to a collection of 41 isolates obtained from Algerian patients having cutaneous or visceral leishmaniases. These DNA tools allowed to discriminate among and to identify causal agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis, L. infantum and L. major. Apart from the pDK20--hybridization pattern obtained usually for the species L. infantum, new hybridization patterns were identified for isolates obtained from both visceral and cutaneous leishmaniases patients. Use of DNA probes in complement to isoenzyme typing offers interesting propects for a better description of transmission cycles.
A comparative study of somatic antigens of different types of Clostridium perfringens with indirect immunofluorescence method was undertaking with 20 locals and foreigner strains in order to choose the valences that are better adapted to compose the Enterotoxémia vaccine. This study has shown a complete somatic antigens homology with A, B types and partial between D type and A, B types, moreover a complete heterology between C and D types.
Immunological diagnosis of principal's monoclonal gammapathies [Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma], used classically electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis analysis (AIE) for detection of monoclonal components. Although its specificity and sensibility, the last method stays a long analysis with critical interpreting from time to time. The present study reports results obtained with 100 sera from subjects with these diseases when using immunofixation and nephelometry-laser witch tests amounts of IgG, IgA and IgM and kappa/lambda--ratio both methods together, which are simpler and more faster than AIE.
Leishmaniasis, Zoonoses or Anthroponoses, according to the focus, know an extension through the world and Algeria counts unfortunately more among countries who where touched. Parallelement to this extension the eco-epidemiology of leishmaniasis knex some important modifications and that. We can't surround theme if we don't dispose of a simple culture medium permeting the shoot of all species to leishmania.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a severe and dangerous infection which afflicts patients with immune deficiency, particularly those with AIDS. This pathology isn't well known in Algeria. The aim of the present study is a contribution to make this disease more known in the algerian AIDS patients. It has focused on the research and the identification of P. carinii in the expectorations and in the bronchalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of 14 patients with respiratory troubles: 13 were AIDS cases and one with an iatrogenic immune deficiency. 3 of these patients were women and the rest were men. Their average age was 35.
We report, in this work, the techniques to obtain four monoclonal antibodies specific of erythrocytes antigens. Three of this antibodies, react with the ABO Blood Groupe System (A,B and AB), are produced by three mouse hybridomas (M18-2F11, M18-4F6 et M19-45D6), obtained by fusion of Sp2/0 mouse myeloma cell with spleen cell of balb/c mice immunized with human red blood cells and selected on selectif medium (Hypoxanthin, Aminoptérin, Thymidin) (HAT) and cloned by four limiting dilutions. Where as the fourth, it is an human monoclonal antibodies against Rhesus (D) produced by heterohybridomas, realized by fusion of X63 mouse myeloma cell with human B lymphocytes, from actively immunized persons by D antigen, that are purified and transformed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and selected on selectif medium (HAT), presence of ouabain and then cloned by four limiting dilutions. The specificity of the antibodies produced, has been determined by direct hemagglutinin for the mouse monoclonal antibodies and artificial for the human anti-D. The determination of isotype the heavy and light chains is released by the technique immunoenzymatique (ELISA) and immunofixation has shown that mouse monoclonal antibodies belong to class IgM kappa, and human monoclonal antibodies anti-D belong to class IgG lambda.
Our actual work studies the effectiveness in vivo of the Benzathin penicillin that is realized on 88 subjects suffering from a stable rheumatic fever. It has shown that: The first hours after an intramuscular injection, the benzathin penicillin is found at an efficient concentration superior to 0.02 ug/ml at the level of the blood. The highest dose in the blood is obtained the first 24 hours. The amount of antibiotic at the level of the blood is very efficient during 4 weeks.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary neuropathy characterized by muscular atrophy and progressive sensitive alterations that affect limbs. The CMT is one of the most heterogenous diseases, clinically as well as genetically. At least twelve loci are responsible for the CMT phenotype, four of them for the autosomal recessive form. The aim of our work was to determinate the implication/exclusion of these four loci in an Algerian family by linkage analysis using microsatellites markers. We have tested the four loci on 8q13-21.1 (CMT4A), 11q23 (CMT4B), 5q23-33 (CMT4C) 8q24 (CMTAR). The haplotype reconstruction allowed us to exclude all the loci in this family, suggesting that the locus (gene) responsible for this form of CMT is localized elsewhere in the genome, thus providing an other observation of the great heterogeneity of the CMT, particularly autosomal recessive.
Anaerobic bacteria need, for its multiplication, a reduce middle devoid of oxygen, who contains growth factors. We have prepared the prereduce middle TGY-V according to the recommendations of M. SEBALD [1]. This middle has been tested for its ability to permit the growth of the most exigent anaerobic bacteria. It could be used as a middle of transport and culture for any monomicrobial sampling that can contain anaerobic bacteria.
The cryptococcosis is an opportunist infection, frequent during Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom (A.I.D.S.). It increases in the same way as the increase of immunodepression factors. This infection is due essentially to Cryptococcus neoformans. This paper deals with the analysis of four (04) cases of cryptococcosis admitted in El-Hadi FLICI hospital in Algiers from November 1997 to February 1998. Among these cases we have taken note of two patients struck doxn by A.I.D.S., one of them have undergone a kidney transplant, whereas the other suffered from sarcoidose and pulmonary tuberculosis. The diagnostic of cryptococcosis have been based essentially on C.S.E. examination.
Samples of single sera collected from 38 patients with different clinical diagnosis were studied in order to perform ELISA techniques with the purpose of detecting poliomyelitis IgG and IgM antibodies. The résults were compared through antibody titration by neutralization test. 21 pairs of sera from infants suffering from acute flaccid paralysis were studied by ELISA-IgM, ELISA-IgG and neutralization test. Stool samples were collected from 20 of the latter patient. Wild poliovirus type 1 was isolated in 8 cases. ELISA-IgM technique was positive in 14 cases. The true positive poliomyelitis diagnosis was based on the persistence of flaccid paralysis 60 days after the onset and on wild poliovirus isolation with significant increase in antibody level. 16 cases were classified as poliomyelitis, 2 cases as non poliomyelitic paralysis and 3 cases as undetermined. 16 out of the 18 well established diagnosis were in agreement (88.8%) with the detection or not of IgM antibodies by ELISA. The specificity of these IgM ELISA antibodies was examined by studying 11 cases of lymphocytic meningitis. Cross reaction in serological responses between polioviruses and coxsackieviruses was observed. These cross reactions should be evaluated by studying a greater number of cases. The poliovirus ELISA-IgM is a sensitive, economical and rapid method to be used in poliomyelitis diagnosis to complete the neutralizing test and virus isolation.
The pathogenic role of genital Mycoplasmas is no more disputably. The diagnosis is based on the culture which may present some technical difficulties. The present study consist in a perfecting of a miniaturised system called "Mycoplasma UG" for the research, identification and titration of genital Mycoplasmas. The performance of the kit is studied with an important number of different types samples by comparison with the commercial kit "Mycoplasma Duo" and the classic reference method. The results obtained are satisfactory and constitute an important element in favour of a more advanced validation before the kit's trading.
We have evaluated the activity of a new fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin (CP-99,219), against 434 strains; 24 of them are resistant to ciprofloxacin. Against gram-negative bacteria, trovafloxacin has the same activity as the others fluoroquinolones. Against gram-positive bacteria, this antibiotic agent is very active. (MIC = 0.016 to 0.5 microgram/ml); Streptococcus is the most sensitive species. The ciprofloxacin resistant strains are also resistant to trovafloxacin.
