The review contains an of the literature on sensitivity and the clinical manifestations of allergy in human being to various parasitic and free-living mites and ticks (Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae, Demodicidae, Ixodidae, Argasidae, Gamasina, Trombiculidae, Cheyletidae, Pygmephoridae, Tarsonemidae, Tetranychidae). The epidemiology and clinic of the allergic reactions of man to the penetration of mites and tick allergens through skin at their constant, temporal and occasional parasitizing are considered. The allergic reactions to different mite and tick allergens take both delayed and immediate type. However, the mechanism of these reactions sometimes is unknown. The mites or ticks infestations produce, as a rule, dermal allergic reactions in the atopic patients. In some cases the asthmatic component may be present. The cross-reactivity between mite/tick antigens and pyroglyphid mite antigens complicates the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. New data on the nature and specificity of mite and ticks allergens are presented.
The review contains an of the literature on sensitivity and the clinical manifestations of allergy in human being to various parasitic and free-living mites and ticks (Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae, Demodicidae, Ixodidae, Argasidae, Gamasina, Trombiculidae, Cheyletidae, Pygmephoridae, Tarsonemidae, Tetranychidae). The epidemiology and clinic of the allergic reactions of man to the penetration of mites and tick allergens through skin at their constant, temporal and occasional parasitizing are considered. The allergic reactions to different mite and tick allergens take both delayed and immediate type. However, the mechanism of these reactions sometimes is unknown. The mites or ticks infestations produce, as a rule, dermal allergic reactions in the atopic patients. In some cases the asthmatic component may be present. The cross-reactivity between mite/tick antigens and pyroglyphid mite antigens complicates the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. New data on the nature and specificity of mite and ticks allergens are presented.
The correlations between head measurements and characters of body building, determined by the method of V. Deryabin, have been studied. For 465 young men from Byelorussia it has been found the independence of variability for correlations between head measurements and skeletal proportions, distribution of subcutaneous fat and general shape of body. The low coefficients of correlation with head measurements have been found for general size of skeleton, muscles and fat. Including of head and face measurements to the character of body building is not based on the strong correlations of the signs from these two morphological systems.
A model of organism adaptation under its normal functioning, being transferred without any conceptual changes into the adaptation model to the stimulating actions, at which the organism malfunctions and is forced to transfer to the regime of pathology which is considered to be the only possible regime for extreme conditions. As examples the cases of adaptation to the instantaneous and periodic changes of environment are considered, the adaptation results in decay of pathologic process, the transfer from the acute to the chronic process and the adaptation with the use of medicinal preparations. The biological interpretation of parameters and dependences coming into the mathematical description of the model is given.
The metabolism in vitro of 4-androstene 3,17-dione--one of the steroid hormones--has been studied in liver microsomes of three species of bullhead: Cottocomephorus grewingki Dyb., Paracottus Kneri Dyb., Paracottus Kessleri Dyb. from Lake Baikal under norm and under induction of monooxygenases by 3-methylcholanthrene and arochlore 1254. The metabolism in vitro 4-androstene 3,17-dione in liver microsomes depends on fish sex, species and gonadal maturation. The rate of androstendione hydroxylation reliably decreases at monooxydase system induction of endoplasmic reticulum in bullhead liver before spawning and during spawning periods by 3-methylcholanthrene and arochlore 1254.
: The incubation of hemoglobin solutions without air contacts at room temperature with addition of antibiotics is accompanied by decrease of oxy form and accumulation of desoxy form. The content of methemoglobin changes at a less degree. The increase of the temperature accelerates the process, the acidification of solutions decelerates it.
On the isolated perfused by Langendorf at heart the cardioactive hypothalamic neurohormone NG3a (2 x 10(-5) g/ml) significantly decreased the coronary flow rate; the effect persisted during 5-10 min, after that the second phase appeared which was expressed by the increase of coronary flow rate. The maximum effect was 122% compared with control. The second phase appeared in 30-45 min after infusion of NG3a. NG3a did not influence the heart rate, but sometimes (7.3% cases) during the maximum increase of coronary flow the bradyarrhythmia was registered. It has been concluded that NG3a influences directly the coronary vessels.
The application of acetic acid (100%) on gastric serosa produces hemorrhagic lesions, erosions and ulcers in the gastric mucosa of rats. Intraperitoneal injections of OF-743, a derivative of sydnonimine during 3 days after the acid application have revealed lesser expressed mucosal lesions: only hemorrhagic lesions and rather small erosions. The lesions degree in rats subjected to the action of OF-743 was 2.7 as compared with 4.4 in control rats without OF-743. Our findings indicate that OF-743 shows not only protective antiulcer action, as it was discovered earlier, but has also curative antiulcer effect.
In biophysical investigations performed on the frog skin with the method of short current it has been shown that molecular iodine (I2) stimulates the active transport of sodium ions in cell membranes and the mixture of KI+I2 (with complex I3-) inhibits this process. The possibility to increase the efficiency of iodine-bromide mineral baths composition with addition of I2 to the solution is experimentally confirmed.
A complex of adaptive reactions have been observed in response to the unusual irritants in 4-year chimpanzee infant. It includes the orienting-research, passive defence reactions, avoidance of irritant, transfer on co-operation with experimenter, aggressive reactions to unusual irritants. The analysis of behaviour reactions and cardiac rhythm has revealed that playing with an experimentator and aggressive reactions are the most reliable way of adaptation which prevents strong and long emotional stress. A social system "chimpanzee-experimentator" on a positive parity basis is an important condition for promoting the appearance of the mentioned adaptation reaction.
The diagnostic value of a method for determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and glucose in the ear wax of children under risk of diabetes mellitus comparing with the efficiency of glucose tolerance test has been studied. It has been shown that the methods of constitutional anthropometry are efficient for determining the contingents of people under risk of development of diabetes mellitus at pre-clinical phase of the disease.
It has been shown that inhibition of Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase formation by the level of the active enzyme in the cultural medium leads to the decrease of translation accompanied by reduction of level of [14C] valin transport into the cells.
Native poison of middleasia viper Vipera lebetina has been included into liposomes in order to get an effective preparation for immunotherapy. The preparation reduces the risk of complications taking place during the use of traditional methods. The immunomodulating action of the liposomal form of viper poison has been investigated on the model of reaction of hypersensitivity of delayed type. Together with the stimulation of functional activity T-cells, the absence of suppressive and toxic actions while using the liposomal preparation of poison has been discovered. It is suggested that the observed stimulating effect in connection with immune reactions is due to synergism of action of components of poison liposomal form and activation of T-cells and macrophage, taking part in immune response to the antigenic stimulus.
The preparation of Hypericum perforatum L. has been shown to possess radioprotective properties. The effect found depends on the time of its taking and its concentration. A statistically reliable protection of marrow and the mucus of the thin intestine of mice from X-rays is observed.
The parameters of respiration (V3, V4) and phosphorylation (the respiration control, ADP/O) have been studied using lactate as a substrate (obligatory with NAD addition) close by meaning to pyruvate on the liver and heart mitochondrion and homogenates of newborn rats. In 20-days and adult rats the mitochondria and homogenates oxidize the lactate (with NAD) with higher rate V4 but with lower value of respiration control as compared with the newborn animals. Simultaneously, a high activity of mitochondrial NADH-oxidase, oxidizing NADH, formed in the reaction of lactate dehydrogenase not connected with ATP synthesis. The role of mitochondrial NADH-oxidase are discussed as a factor increasing lactate oxidation, removing tissue lactate and activating the age dependent energy metabolism.
The increase of cytochrome P-450 by 34% and its catalytic activity with substrate amidopyrine by 57% as compared with control has been shown under hypoxia (0.029 MPa, 1 h). Hyperoxia (0.2 MPa, 1 h) increases the metabolism of amidopyrine by 148%, benzo[a]pyrene by 158% and aniline by 114% and consecutive affection of hypoxia and hyperoxia--by 247, 45 and 138% correspondingly at fixed cytochrome P-450 amount in both series. The amount of diene conjugates and Schiff's bases under hypoxia increases by 40 and 69% correspondingly, the activity of SOD and catalase decreases by 25 and 23%. The activity of hyperoxia raises the diene conjugate content by 19% at all this SOD activity increases by 95%. Consecutive affection of hypoxia and hyperoxia increases the level of diene conjugates and Schiff's bases by 26 and 23% correspondingly, without changing SOD and catalase activity. The relative microsomal viscosity of lipid layer and zones of enzyme-lipid contacts decreased by 20 and 24% under hypoxia, but under hyperoxia and consecutive affection and hypoxia and hyperoxia it increases by 29-28% and 56-40% correspondingly.
It is shown that menadion increases the rate of Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria which decreases in the presence of ditiotreitol. Menadion at concentration of 50 microM induces Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria and its effect on synaptic transmission is discussed.
The methodological approaches of isolation of preparations of FMDV structural polypeptides to analyse them by the electrophoresis and electro-focussing methods are presented. The value of isoelectric points of protein coat of FMDV structural polypeptides and corresponding them values of electric potential are determined. The similarity and differences of FMDV serotypes, characterized by the value of relative surface, falling on separate polypeptides, are determined for the virion structure on the basis of superposition principle. FMDV has been shown to possess the summarized negative charge of different values. The charge depends on the virus type and it is a determining condition for viruses resistance in environment. A graphical model of FMDV is suggested on the basis of systemic approach and it reflects the dipole character of electric charge distribution in virion structure and agrees with the virus model, built on the basis of icosahedron symmetry.
New antibiotic-resistant strains Bacillus intermedius--producers of phosphohydrolase and protease have been obtained and characterized. Strain S 19 is the more active producer of extracellular enzymes. Autotrophic mutants obtained on its basis possess reduced activity of phosphohydrolase.
In chronic experiments with rats during the exercises on a treadmill the ECG was registered and duration of the development of exhaustion was determined under control and under acute (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally 1 hour before the experiment) or chronic (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice a day during 5 days) treatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Chronic but not acute naloxone action resulted in increase of the fatiguability: the time of achievement of exhaustion decreased by 55.3% (P < 0.05). In this case the exhaustion developed at lower degree of heart rate than in control. Comparison of data obtained with the results of chronic treatment with the opioid antagonist permits to conclude that the chronic blockade increases the fatiguability to a great extent than chronic activation of opioid system. Possible mechanisms causing this difference are under discussion.
