Methylene blue (MB) contamination threatens agricultural sustainability by impairing plant growth and inducing oxidative stress. Harnessing plant probiotics, especially plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with dye-decolorizing capabilities, could be a sustainable strategy for improving crop resilience by mitigating the adverse effects of MB. In the present study, 20 previously isolated PGPR strains were screened; six isolates exhibited MB tolerance and efficient (35.54 ± 1.07 to 70.12 ± 1.38
The continuing rise in global temperatures, along with continuous exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), significantly limits the growth and physiological integrity of the organisms. Cyanobacteria have developed a wide range of adaptive and defensive tactics that help them survive and stay viable in increasingly harsh environmental conditions. This study examines the changes in morphology, growth, protein-pigment content, photosynthetic efficiency, and free radical generation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 under artificial ultraviolet (UV-A, A; UV-B, B) and visible radiation (PAR, P). Adaptive morphophysiological alterations were prominently observed under combined PAB with significant decline in Chl a content ( 73
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and recurrent, biofilm-associated, toxin-mediated, or dysbiosis-related infections has created an urgent need for strategies that complement conventional antibiotics. Broad-spectrum therapy can disrupt commensal microbiota, weaken colonization resistance, and promote opportunistic or recurrent infection. Engineered probiotics offer microbiology-based interventions that can inhibit pathogen growth, disrupt biofilms, attenuate virulence, neutralize toxins, and restore protective microbiota functions. Engineered probiotic and commensal microorganisms can also respond to pathogen- or infection-associated signals, improving therapeutic localization and specificity. This review summarizes strategies for controlling antibiotic-resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens, including pathogen-responsive antimicrobial production, bacteriocin-, pyocin-, lysin-, and antimicrobial peptide-mediated inhibition, enzymatic biofilm degradation, anti-virulence and toxin-neutralization approaches, restoration of microbiota-mediated colonization resistance, and targeted genetic approaches for pathogen elimination or antibiotic resensitization. Representative systems against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, and resistant Enterobacteriaceae are discussed. Major translational challenges include chassis selection, genetic stability, horizontal gene transfer, biocontainment, delivery, manufacturing, regulation, and host-microbiota variability. Engineered probiotics may therefore provide selective, localized, and microbiota-preserving complements to conventional therapy.
The development of multifunctional nanomaterials with antimicrobial and tissue-regenerative properties is of growing interest for the management of infected wounds. In the present study, selenium nanopartiScles (SeNPs) were biosynthesized using ethanolic leaf extract of Humboldtia vahliana Wight and evaluated for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities in-vitro. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Elemental analysis and zeta potential analysis. The Selenium nanoparticles exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 280 nm, crystalline trigonal structure, spherical morphology with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 100 nm, and high colloidal stability with a zeta potential of − 45.0 mV. Antibacterial evaluation demonstrated broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 µg/mL. Cytocompatibility studies in L929 fibroblasts revealed concentration-dependent effects, with 20 µg/mL maintaining high cellular viability and promoting wound closure in scratch wound assays. Furthermore, Selenium nanoparticle treatment significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production, indicating anti-inflammatory activity. Flow cytometric analysis showed preservation of a predominantly viable cell population and modulation of cell-cycle progression without marked cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Humboldtia vahliana-mediated Selenium nanoparticles possess favorable physicochemical characteristics together with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, suggesting they may merit further investigation as a candidate for nanotherapeutic strategies in infectious wound management.
