INTRODUCTION:Determining when to perform combined eyelid and brow surgery for functional deficits remains subjective, despite measurable visual field (VF) impairment in affected patients. OBJECTIVES:We sought to identify VF patterns associated with selection for combined eyelid-brow surgery. STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study Methods: Patients with preoperative Humphrey Visual Field testing undergoing isolated eyelid surgery or combined eyelid-brow surgery for VF deficits were matched 1:2 by demographic and surgical characteristics. VF patterns were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS:Among 171 patients, the mid-temporal VF zone was the only independent predictor of combined-repair selection on multivariable analysis (OR=1.38 per dot missed, 95% CI 1.06-1.81, p=0.018). Combined repair was also independently associated with lower odds of need for revision surgery (OR=0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.97, p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS:The mid-temporal VF may serve as a marker of brow-related visual obstruction, helping guide selection for combined eyelid-brow surgery in functional blepharoptosis.
Introduction:The lateral crura of the lower lateral cartilages are crucial in tip rhinoplasty. Their deformity or malposition causes aesthetic imbalance, alar insufficiency, and functional airway compromise. Objectives and Hypotheses:The objective of this study is to describe a classification system for lateral crura deformity and evaluate the outcomes of a structured surgical management algorithm. Study Design:This is a retrospective-prospective study. Methods:This study included patients undergoing primary or revision rhinoplasty involving lateral crural intervention between 2022 and 2025. Outcomes were assessed using standardized photographic analysis, a 5-point Likert scale for patient satisfaction, and the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale for valve stability. Results:This study included 50 patients (primary: 80%, revision: 20%). The mean follow-up was 14.2 months (range: 6-24). The mean preoperative NOSE score improved. Patient satisfaction scores were high, 90% of patients reported significant improvement in both aesthetic and functional outcomes, and two patients (4%) required revision surgery for minor asymmetry correction. Conclusion:Lateral crural deformity management should prioritize preservation and restoration over excessive excision. An algorithmic, preservation-based approach improves predictability, airway stability, and long-term nasal tip support. Modern management should focus on repositioning, reinforcement, and reconstruction.
INTRODUCTION:Septal extension grafts (SEGs) are widely used in structural rhinoplasty to provide stable control of nasal tip projection and rotation. However, conventional fixation methods may increase cartilage consumption, intranasal bulk, and the potential for asymmetry. The Slice Extension (SE) graft was developed as a cartilage-preserving modification of the SEG that maintains graft continuity while creating an embracing fixation pattern around the caudal septum. OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS:To describe the SE graft and evaluate its clinical performance in a case series of patients undergoing rhinoplasty. We hypothesized that the SE graft would provide stable nasal tip support while preserving cartilage length and maintaining graft centralization. STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective case series. METHODS:Forty-one patients undergoing primary or secondary rhinoplasty with the SE graft between 2023 and 2026 were included. Minimum follow-up was 12 months. Demographic data, postoperative complications, revision procedures, and patient-reported satisfaction were reviewed. Outcomes included tip deviation, overrotation, nostril asymmetry, nasal obstruction, infection, and fixation-related instability. RESULTS:Forty-one patients were included in the study, comprising 18 male and 23 female patients. Mean age was 31.3 ± 8.8 years (range, 18-53 years). At 12-month follow-up, 36 patients (87.8%) reported satisfaction with nasal tip appearance and support. Revision surgery related to nasal tip appearance was required in two patients (4.8%), including one minor and one major revision procedure. Postoperative complications were infrequent. No cases demonstrated clinically significant fixation failure or loss of nasal tip support during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS:The Slice Extension graft provided predictable control of nasal tip projection and rotation with acceptable complication and revision rates. By preserving graft continuity and minimizing cartilage loss for fixation, the technique may offer a reproducible alternative to conventional SEG fixation in selected patients.
Aims and Background:Revision rhinoplasty remains one of the most challenging procedures due to scar tissue, distorted anatomy, and depletion of septal cartilage. Advanced structural and soft-tissue reconstruction strategies are often required in complex revision cases. This study aimed to evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of extended closed rib revision rhinoplasty. Anatomy:Patients presented with severe anatomical distortions, including overresected dorsum, short nose with contracted skin envelope, septal or retrocolumellar perforation, columellar necrosis, congenital deformities, and sequelae of artificial graft removal. Patient Selection:This retrospective cohort study included 700 revision rhinoplasty patients treated between 2022 and 2024. Inclusion criteria were at least one prior nasal surgery, the need for costal cartilage grafting, and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Techniques:All patients underwent extended closed rhinoplasty with costal cartilage reconstruction. Tailored grafting and flap techniques were applied according to deformity patterns. Outcomes were assessed using pre- and postoperative SCHNOS scores, with paired statistical analyses performed (p < 0.05). Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:Mean SCHNOS total scores improved significantly from 44.2 ± 5.8 to 17.8 ± 6.2 (p < 0.001). The overall revision rate was 14.2%. Extended closed rib revision rhinoplasty provides a reliable and effective alternative to open approaches in complex revision cases.
Introduction:Large nasal septal perforations (NSPs; ≥2 cm) remain a significant surgical challenge with lower closure rates than smaller defects. Objectives and Hypotheses:We hypothesize that a fashioned costal cartilage neo-septal block used as an interpositional graft can achieve both anatomical and functional closure in large NSPs. Study Design:Retrospective case series. Methods:A total of 26 patients underwent NSP closure using a neo-septal block graft prepared by sagittal splitting of costal cartilage slices sutured into a watertight structure, covered with bilateral unipedicled rotational flaps. Results:The mean perforation size was 27.5 × 16.4 mm, with a mean follow-up of 44.4 months. Anatomical closure was achieved in 22 patients (84.6%). In cases without complete closure, symptoms including crusting, bleeding, nasal obstruction, and whistling resolved. Conclusion:The neo-septal block graft is effective and reliable for large NSP repair, particularly when complete tension-free flap closure is not achievable, providing both anatomical and functional improvement.
Introduction:Preservation rhinoplasty (PR) aims to maintain the natural dorsal aesthetic lines while reducing dorsal height and achieving a harmonious dorsal contour. Creating a refined dorsal concavity may be challenging, particularly in patients with low-to-moderate humps who desire a more elegant dorsal profile while preserving the structural integrity of the native dorsum. The Ballerina maneuver was developed as an adjunctive technique designed to enhance dorsal concavity. Objectives & Hypotheses:The aim of this study was to describe the Ballerina maneuver and illustrate its role in refining dorsal contour in PR. We hypothesized that this maneuver would allow controlled enhancement of dorsal concavity while maintaining dorsal stability and supporting harmonious dorsal aesthetics. Study Design:Technical description of a surgical maneuver. Methods:The Ballerina maneuver was performed as an adjunctive step during PR in selected patients seeking a more concave dorsal profile. The technique focused on controlled modification of the middle vault structures while preserving the continuity of the native dorsum. The surgical concept, technical steps, and key considerations were described to facilitate safe and reproducible application. Representative clinical cases were presented to illustrate the surgical application of the maneuver and its role in dorsal contour refinement. Results:In the representative cases, the maneuver facilitated controlled caudal repositioning of the osseocartilaginous vault and contributed to a smoother, more concave dorsal contour while preserving the continuity of the native dorsum. Conclusion:The Ballerina maneuver represents a reproducible adjunctive technique for refining dorsal contour in PR. By enabling controlled enhancement of dorsal concavity while maintaining the integrity of the native dorsal framework, the maneuver supports the core principles of structural preservation and may expand the surgical armamentarium for achieving natural dorsal contour refinement.
INTRODUCTION:The nasal septum plays an important role in craniofacial development and rhinoplasty, but age-related changes in septal composition remain incompletely understood. Objectives & Hypotheses: To evaluate age-related morphometric changes in the nasal septum and test the hypothesis that septal composition shifts from cartilage to bone dominance with aging. STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective cross-sectional study (STROBE-compliant). METHODS:Facial CT scans from 200 patients were analyzed. Septal cartilage area(SCA), lamina perpendicularis area(LPA), vomer area(VA), total septum area(TSA), cartilage-to-bone ratio, and SCA/LPA ratio were measured and compared by age and sex. RESULTS:TSA increased until adolescence and remained stable thereafter. SCA declined after adolescence, whereas LPA increased until early adulthood. Cartilage dominance progressively decreased and stabilized after 30 years. Similar proportional trends were observed in both sexes. CONCLUSION:Nasal septum morphology undergoes a distinct age-related transition characterized by a shift from cartilage dominance to bony dominance, reaching equilibrium after early adulthood.
Aims and Backgrounds:This review describes surgical interventions that address structural and anatomical changes in younger patients with the aim of delaying traditional rejuvenating or corrective surgery in an operative setting. Historical Aspects:Traditionally, surgical procedures like submentoplasty and rhytidectomy are used to rejuvenate and/or correct anatomical, structural, and/or age-related defects in patients with advanced aging. Anatomy:For appropriate younger patients, we describe a shift away from cutaneous, surface-level changes to procedures aimed to correct structural changes resulting from aging, trauma, or genetic manifestation, specifically addressing submental fat, plastysmal diastasis, jowling, and periorbital dermatochalasis. Patient Selection:Candidates are younger patients with high skin elasticity and mild structural changes. Techniques:Targeted procedures include submentoplasty, mini-facelift, and preservation-focused upper and lower blepharoplasty performed in the office, under local anesthesia for younger patients. Postoperative Care:Emphasis is placed on compression, cold therapy, and supplements to minimize downtime and swelling. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:In appropriate patients, the surgical, structural prejuvenation techniques described herein offer a proactive, durable result from procedures performed entirely in-office.
Aim and Background:To summarize current evidence on Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) applications and outcomes in facial plastic surgery. Technology:PRP and PRF are autologous platelet concentrates with regenerative potential. They release growth factors that promote tissue repair, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, graft integration, and scar remodeling, making them increasingly relevant in facial plastic surgery. Patient Selection:A narrative review of clinical studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews was conducted. Key outcomes included wound healing, graft retention, postoperative edema and ecchymosis, scar improvement, and patient satisfaction. Current and Future Development:PRP improved wound healing, reduced crusting, and enhanced patient satisfaction in rhinoplasty, while PRF decreased cartilage resorption and improved graft stability. In rhytidectomy, PRP offered modest reductions in edema and ecchymosis. Both agents enhanced scar revision and fat graft outcomes, with PRF showing superior remodeling and long-term graft retention. In periorbital rejuvenation, PRP improved pigmentation and satisfaction, whereas PRF improved skin texture and wrinkles. Both were safe with minimal adverse events. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:PRP and PRF are effective biologic adjuncts in facial plastic surgery, supporting tissue regeneration, graft integration, and aesthetic outcomes. Efficacy is influenced by patient factors and technique. High-quality, procedure-specific trials are needed to optimize protocols.
Aim and Background:This study discusses neck contouring prejuvenation techniques, focusing primarily on neck lift and submental liposuction to optimize neck definition. Historical Aspects:Traditional neck rejuvenation has relied on platysmaplasty, fat excision, and skin resuspension for addressing the aging neck. With growing demand for early neck rejuvenation, surgical approaches focused more on definitive sculpting including submental liposuction and deep neck lift have become increasingly popular. Anatomy:The neck consists of multiple layers and structures, including skin, subcutaneous fat, platysma muscle, and submandibular glands. Patient Selection:Ideal candidates for prejuvenation surgical neck contouring procedures are patients aged 20 to 40 with early signs of submental fullness or a soft jawline with otherwise good skin elasticity. Techniques:The senior author performs deep neck lift surgery using a small submental crease incision and sculpts prominent subplatysmal fat, anterior digastric muscle, and submandibular glands down to the level of the mandible. Postoperative Care:Following neck lift surgery, patients are instructed to follow a bland diet for 1 week and activity restriction for 2 weeks, as well as appropriate wound care for the incisions. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:Neck lift and submental liposuction remain the cornerstones of effective surgical neck contouring procedures for younger adults.
Aim and Background:The lips play a critical role in the perception of youth, beauty, and facial harmony. This review examines lip enhancement techniques in the youthful population, emphasizing anatomy, aesthetic considerations, and both surgical and nonsurgical modalities. Anatomy:The lips consist of the upper and lower cutaneous and vermilion lip, encircled by the orbicularis oris muscle and supplied by the superior and inferior labial arteries. Techniques:Lip enhancement can be achieved with neuromodulators, hyaluronic acid fillers, and surgical techniques. Botulinum toxin creates subtle lip eversion, while hyaluronic acid fillers provide volume and definition. Surgical lip lift procedures shorten the cutaneous upper lip, evert the red lip, and increase maxillary incisor show, improving overall lip proportion. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:Successful lip enhancement relies on thoughtful patient selection and an understanding of lip anatomy and aesthetic proportions. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatments can provide natural and harmonious results.
Introduction:Brow lift incorporates an assessment and correction of multiple factors which differ considerably between patients. Various options for brow lift exist, each with its limitations when correcting the full spectrum of age-related changes to the eyebrow. Objectives and Hypotheses:To describe a brow lift technique that addresses the limitations seen in other techniques. Study Design:Case series. Methods:The technique was performed from 2022 to 2023 for 70 patients aged 40 to 77 years. All patients were female. Results:All patients underwent the technique with satisfactory results and no complications. No infection of the wound or asymmetry was observed, and no patients required a revision operation. No major complications such as facial paralysis or necrosis were observed. Conclusion:This technique is a versatile procedure with good aesthetic outcomes which preserves facial animation and can be combined with other procedures while effectively elevating the lateral third of the eyebrow.
Aim and Background:Biostimulatory injectables represent a transformative paradigm in aesthetic medicine, shifting the therapeutic focus from immediate volumization to biologically driven tissue regeneration. Unlike traditional hyaluronic acid fillers, agents such as calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) harness the body's endogenous regenerative capacity by activating fibroblasts and promoting neocollagenesis. This chapter reviews the scientific foundations, mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and evolving role of these two principal biostimulatory agents. Anatomy:CaHA and PLLA exert their regenerative effects primarily within the dermis and subdermal connective tissue. Optimal outcomes require a precise injection technique within the subdermal plane, and treatment zones include the face, neck, décolletage, and body. Technology:CaHA microspheres provide immediate structural support while simultaneously functioning as a biologic scaffold for neocollagenesis. PLLA microparticles achieve their regenerative effect through gradual polymer hydrolysis and prolonged fibroblast stimulation, yielding cumulative and durable improvements across staged treatment sessions. Techniques:Both PLLA and Hyperdilute CaHA formulations enable versatile treatment across multiple anatomic regions. Optimal outcomes depend on proper patient selection, appropriate dilution strategies, and precise injection technique within the subdermal plane. Post Operative Care:Thorough patient counseling regarding the delayed onset of results is essential to manage expectations. PLLA, in particular, requires staged treatment sessions to achieve cumulative improvements. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:Together, CaHA and PLLA offer clinicians a sophisticated, biologically grounded complement to the broader injectable armamentarium, addressing the underlying structural causes of facial aging rather than solely masking their clinical manifestations.
Aims and Backgrounds:Hair loss is a highly prevalent condition, and patients are increasingly seeking prejuvenation and restoration. This review evaluates contemporary non-surgical hair restoration modalities. Historical Aspects:Therapeutic strategies have evolved from topical vasodilators to targeted hormonal, regenerative, and device-based interventions reflecting advances in our understanding of follicular biology and technology. Anatomy:Hair follicle cycling is regulated by dermal papilla signaling, epithelial stem cells, and perifollicular vascular and inflammatory environments. Technology:Non-surgical therapies include oral and topical pharmacologics, hormonal therapies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), microneedling, peptide-based treatments, exososomes, nutraceuticals, low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT), lasers, and transdermal delivery systems. Patient Selection:Appropriate candidates include patients with androgenetic alopecia and other non-scarring alopecias; accurate diagnosis is critical. Techniques:Combination therapy is increasingly utilized to target multiple biologic pathways. Post Operative Care:Minimal downtime is expected; long-term adherence is required. Current and Future Development:Emerging therapies include exosome-based treatments, peptides, and advanced drug delivery platforms. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:Non-surgical modalities are central to prejuvenation and can delay or complement surgical intervention when appropriately applied.
Introduction:The resting angle forms between the lateral crus of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) and the upper lateral cartilage. While conventional nasal valve repair relies on cartilage grafting for reinforcement of these structures, the functional significance of resting angle adjustment remains underexplored. Objective and Hypothesis:We describe a technique to reposition the LLC, adjusting the resting angle to support the lateral nasal wall and restore external nasal valve (ENV) function without grafts, with the hypothesis that this approach improves functional and aesthetic outcomes. Study Design:Retrospective cohort study. Methods:We retrospectively identified patients with ENV collapse-related nasal obstruction who underwent the described surgery. Pre- and postoperative peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurements and FACE-Q scores were compared to evaluate functional and aesthetic improvement, respectively. Results:Thirty patients (22 female, 8 male) were included. Postoperatively, median PNIF increased from 74.0 L/minute (interquartile range [IQR]: 73.0-76.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.5-75.5) to 96.0 L/minute (IQR: 93.0-97.0; 95% CI: 94.0-97.5), and median FACE-Q Satisfaction with nose scores from 17 (IQR: 16.0-18.0; 95% CI: 16.0-17.5) to 37 (IQR: 35.0-38.0; 95% CI: 36.5-37.5); both improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion:Resting angle correction may not only improve aesthetics, but also stabilize the lateral nasal wall to prevent or repair ENV collapse.
Introduction:The Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) is a validated patient-reported outcome measure assessing both functional and cosmetic aspects of rhinoplasty. Despite widespread use, no validated German version has been available to date. Objective and Hypothesis:To translate and validate the German version of the questionnaire. Study Design:Prospective case-control study. Methods:This study followed international translation guidelines including forward and backward translation, patient interviews (n = 10), and a validation study involving 25 rhinoplasty patients and 25 healthy controls. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were evaluated. Results:The German SCHNOS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.95 for SCHNOS-O, 0.94 for SCHNOS-C). Test-retest reliability was very strong. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed unidimensionality of both domains. Conclusion:The German SCHNOS is a valid and reproducible tool for evaluating rhinoplasty outcomes. It facilitates standardized assessment of functional and aesthetic results to be used in clinical practice and research within German-speaking populations.
Introduction:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves the administration of 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure, leading to increased tissue oxygenation and enhanced wound healing. Its role in surgical practice has expanded due to its potential to improve tissue viability and manage a myriad of complications. Objective and Hypothesis:To evaluate the clinical indications, therapeutic benefits, and treatment protocols of HBOT in facial plastic and aesthetic surgery. Study Design:Literature review. Methods:A literature search of electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies evaluating HBOT in facial plastic surgery, including its use in rhytidectomy, rhinoplasty, vascular ischemia following dermal filler injections, and keloid management. Conclusion:HBOT serves as a valuable adjunct, improving tissue oxygenation, promoting wound healing, and potentially reducing complications. Early utilization may enhance surgical outcomes and recovery.
Introduction:Isolated congenital lower lateral cartilage (LLC) anomalies are incidental intraoperative findings that challenge surgical planning. Despite their role in external nasal valve (ENV) support, variable clinical presentation suggests the existence of compensatory mechanisms that warrant further investigation. Objective and Hypothesis:We evaluate the available evidence on isolated congenital LLC deficiency to explore reported preoperative nasal valve dysfunction and surgical outcomes, with the hypothesis that the available evidence demonstrates an association between isolated congenital LLC deficiency and nasal valve dysfunction. Study Design:Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review and case series. Methods:A systematic search of three databases was undertaken to identify reports of isolated congenital LLC deficiency. Studies without intraoperative confirmation and those involving pediatric populations were excluded. The validated Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools and Case Report Guidelines were used to assess evidence quality. Results:Fifteen studies (n = 18) were eligible, comprising 14 case reports and one case series. Unilateral involvement was most common (n = 16), with the middle crus most frequently affected. Eight patients were asymptomatic. Only three studies were rated as high quality (JBI: 6-7/8). In our case series, the incidence of isolated congenital LLC absence was 0.002, and lateral crus absence was asymptomatic, whereas absence of the medial and middle crura was associated with dynamic ENV collapse. These observations are hypothesis-generating, suggesting a greater functional role for medial crus integrity in nasal valve competence, with lateral crus absence appearing more consistently asymptomatic across the literature. Conclusion:Potential compensatory mechanisms may help preserve nasal valve function despite isolated LLC deficiency, a rare anomaly that underscores the need for intraoperative preparedness and tailored reconstruction when encountered incidentally.
Introduction:The internal nasal valve (INV) is a key determinant of nasal airflow and is dependent on middle vault integrity. While spreader grafts remain the gold standard for reconstruction, the spreader flap offers a tissue-preserving alternative. Objective and Hypothesis:This study evaluates outcomes of a modified spreader flap tension suture technique with composite flap elevation in 580 patients, with the hypothesis that this approach yields favorable functional improvements. Study Design:Retrospective cohort study. Methods:Patients who underwent the described procedure were retrospectively identified. Inclusion required a dorsal hump reduction of >3 mm in all cases. Patients were stratified into three groups according to clinical presentation: those undergoing dorsal refinement alone, those with concurrent septal deviation or turbinate hypertrophy, and those with primary INV insufficiency. Prior dorsal rhinoplasty or significant septal deviation were exclusion criteria. Pre- and postoperative (6 months) peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) measurements and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were compared to evaluate objective and subjective functional improvement, respectively. Results:The dorsal refinement group (n = 362) demonstrated stable functional outcomes, with a mean VAS improvement of 2 points. The septal deviation/turbinate hypertrophy group (n = 158) had a mean PNIF increase of 27 L/minute and a 3.5-point VAS improvement, while the INV insufficiency group (n = 60) showed greater gains (PNIF +35 L/minute; VAS +5 points). Conclusion:The modified spreader flap is an effective, cartilage-preserving technique for INV reconstruction, yielding consistent functional and aesthetic outcomes. Further controlled studies are required to assess long-term results.
Introduction:Prolonged inflammatory responses are associated with impaired wound healing, increased surgical complications, and poor health outcomes. Additionally, anti-inflammatory diet and nutrition have been shown to reduce harmful inflammatory markers in the body. However, the relationship between anti-inflammatory diet and surgical outcomes remains poorly understood in cosmetic surgery populations. Objectives and Hypotheses:This scoping review aims to evaluate the quality and quantity of the current literature regarding the impact of the anti-inflammatory diet on facial cosmetic surgery outcomes. Study Design:Scoping Review following PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Methods:A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL with keywords relating to anti-inflammatory diet, surgical outcomes, and elective surgery. Duplicate articles were removed, and the remaining were reviewed by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies with elective surgery patients, immunomodulating nutritional interventions, and outcomes relating to facial cosmetic surgery. Exclusion criteria included studies focused on gastrointestinal surgery, oncological surgery, emergent surgery, total parenteral nutrition, or malnourished populations. Additionally, we excluded systematic reviews, commentaries, editorials, abstracts, non-English studies, and protocols. Results:Our literature search yielded 2,954 articles, of which 36 articles underwent full-text review, and 7 studies met inclusion criteria. There was substantial variability in surgeries performed, study quality, specialties covered, outcome measures, and interventions. Three studies reported clinical outcomes such as wound complications or postoperative morbidity, whereas the remaining four studies focused on immune cell recovery and inflammatory markers. Importantly, multiple studies demonstrated statistically significant improvements in length of hospital stay, inflammatory markers, or complication rates. Unfortunately, no studies evaluated facial cosmetic surgery directly. Conclusion:While the evidence is extremely limited, anti-inflammatory nutrition shows promise in modulating factors that are related to cosmetic surgery outcomes. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory diets and nutrition for cosmetic surgery patients warrant further investigation.
