Abstract Background: Provisional dental restoration fabricated to enhance esthetic, stabilization of abutment teeth and maintain function for limited period of time after which it is to be replaced by definitive fixed restoration. The surface roughness of temporary crowns are considered crucial in achieving successful definite restorations. Most bacteria in the oral cavity can only survive on hard and rough surfaces. The objective of the present study is to evaluate and compare the surface roughness of two types of commercially available composite material (Harvard- temp and Charm- temp). The specimens were tested in dry conditions and after two weeks of storage in artificial saliva at 25⁰C. Material and Methods: A total of 32 specimens of dimensions 64mm×10mm×2.5mm were divided in two groups according to the type of material (Harvard-temp or Charm-temp). Each group of material has 16 specimens. These 16 specimens were divided in two groups: a control group (eight specimens) in dry conditions and an aging group (eight specimens) and stored in artificial saliva for two weeks. The TR 200 device was used to measure the surface roughness of specimens in micrometers (µm) before and after aging in artificial saliva. Results: After comparing the results, a significant difference was found in the surface roughness in dry and aging conditions of Harvard – temp (P 0.05). Conclusion: that in-vitro aging research might be an informative predictor of provisional materials’ properties before clinical application. Clinical significance: Both materials can perform adequately in the oral cavity for two weeks. However, the Charm temp mayperform more adequately and maintain good surface roughness.
Abstract With senescence, edentulous patients present unfavorable clinical situations following the continued resorption of alveolar bone and the inevitable narrowing of the prosthetic corridor. That’s why rehabilitation with removable complete prosthesis presents a difficult challenge for the dentist. In this connection, the use of the piezographic technique, a promising therapeutic approach, makes it possible to better respect the physiology of the elderly patient while ensuring a compromise of retention, prosthesis stability and comfort. The aim of this manuscript is to present the different stages of realizing a removable complete denture resulting from an impression of the bearing surfaces and a piezographic recording of the prosthetic corridor through a clinical case.
Mental foramen shares its significance in various fields of dentistry. Being a strategically eminent landmark, an understanding of the variation of its position is important. Aim: To evaluate frequently occurring position of mental foramen and its distance with reference to the lower premolars using panoramic image. Method: Total 215 panoramic image of patients taken for different diagnostic purpose, using Planmeca X-ray unit ProMax, The position of the mental foramen was recorded according to the categories which were put forward by Jasser and Nwoku. Result: The most common position was found to be between the two premolars approximately 60.5% for both gender, followed by below the second premolar approximately 34.9% . conclusion: The most common location was reported to be between the two premolars, with a definite bilateral symmetry on both left and right sides. No gender preferences were observed
Postoperative instructions that are properly delivered can play a major role in treatment outcomes, especially excellent wound healing. This study aimed to examine the mode of delivering postoperative instructions in decreasing the side effects of poor wound healing following simple tooth extraction. This single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 400 patients presented for simple extraction of unimpacted teeth. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of verbal and verbal plus written instructed groups. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of 95%. More men (51.5%) were seen. The participants' mean age was 37.3 ± 14.3 years (range, 18-87 years). The results showed that the mode of delivering instructions had a marked relation with socket healing. The post-extraction healing score was significantly higher in the verbal and written instructed group compared with the verbal instructions alone (P = 0.00). The age (P = 0.04) and type of instruction (P = 0.00) were significantly associated with excellent wound healing. Only the type of instruction that independently predicted the excellent wound healing (OR = 0.12; P = 0.00). The mode of delivering post-operative instruction affected the post extraction socket healing. Patients who received written and verbal instructions reported excellent post extraction socket healing than those who had verbal instructions only. All medical practitioners are recommended to use both verbal and written post-operative instruction
Objective: This study compared treatment outcome between two acute dentoalveolar abscesses in the same patients diagnosed simultaneously in both quadrants of the mandible, treated by either immediate or delayed extractions of the affected first and/or second molars. Methods: This is a prospective, cohort, clinical-based study. The timing of infected tooth is the predictor variable, whereas the healing parameters are the outcome variables. The outcome variables include timing of extraction, patients’ preference of immediate or delayed extraction, healing time of soft tissues surrounding extraction sockets, and development of complication(s). Other variables were grouped into demographic and clinical parameters. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: The sample composed of 77 patients with 154 molars grouped as follows: control (n= 77, 50%) extracted on first visit and experimental (n= 77, 50%) removed subsequently on the 5 th day. There was no significant association between acute dentoalveolar abscess and development of alveolar osteitis (P= 0.831) as complication rates were 5.2% in control group and 6.5% in experimental. Most patients preferred immediate extraction, and healing period of soft tissues was 0.5 weeks shorter in the control than experimental group (P= 0.57). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that in patients with acute dentoalveolar abscess and accessible oral cavity, immediate extraction should be practiced.
Background: sialolithiasis remains an entity carrying a significant morbidity. This study covers the current principles guiding the surgical management of sialolithiasis in Iraqi sample including diagnostic tools, interventional options, surgical techniques and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: A clinical study of 22 cases with salivary gland stones were collected from two major teaching and referral hospital in Baghdad “Medical city, hospital of surgical specialities” and “Al-Kinidy hospital, maxillofacial department” from 2010-2015 Results: The study population composed of 22 cases. The age range was from 10-70 year with average of 40 years. The females were 7 cases (31.81%) and males were15 (68.18%). The majority of cases were submandibular gland 16 cases (72.72%) followed by sublingual gland 5 cases (22.72%) and the parotid gland (4.54%). The presence of stone was similar on both sides. The surgical approach was applied by removal of stone in 11 cases and removal of gland in 11 cases. Conclusion: Salivary calculi are common cause of salivary gland disorder. Sialography is an important tool for assessment of salivary gland obstruction in patients presenting with It should be done after the acute symptoms are subsided. Success is measured by treatment that is efficient, clinically effective and glad sparing.
Objective: To determine the frequency of symptomatic malpositioned mandibular third molars in elderly patients. Method: An analytic study of hospital records of elderly patients with symptomatic impacted mandibular third molars over 17 years was undertaken. Information on demographics, types of impaction, reasons for surgical extraction, and complications after treatment were obtained. Those who were asymptomatic would be excluded from analysis. Results: Altogether, 6214 impacted mandibular third molars were isolated in 5, 431 patients. However, 436 (7.0%) symptomatic impacted teeth were recorded in 436 (8.0%) patients and these were extracted, while the rest, 5778 (93.0%) were asymptomatic. Males were greater than females in the ratio of 1.1:1. The frequency of occurrence of mesio-angular and vertical impactions were significant (P= 0.001) compared with disto-angular and horizontal. Periodontal disease was 211 (48.4%) of the case in addition to dental caries and its clinical sequelae 203 (46.6%) were significant reasons for extractions (P=0.000). The common postoperative complications were alveolar osteitis and hypersensitivity of the adjacent molar 22(68.7%) which related to surgical extraction of disto-angular impactions (P= 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed the older the patient the less likely malpositioned mandibular third molar suggesting that majority of such impactions do not cause pathology after many years of their presence in the oral cavity. Prophylactic extraction of malpositioned mandibular third molars in all patients should be discouraged, but each case should be treated on merit or when symptomatic.
the entrance of a foreign body (FB) into the maxillary antrum is common in trauma patients where bullets or any other materials trapped in the maxillary sinus; however, iatrogenic cause by a dentist that results in FB entrapment in the maxillary antrum is rare. All these FBs can cause sinusitis. If not treated properly they will cause serious infection, which may spread to the other paranasal sinuses. A careful clinical examination and treatment plan will prevent further complications. In this review, we present a rare case of dental bur (DB) found in the left maxillary antrum. A review of literature revealed only a few cases published which describe a dental bur dislodged in the maxillary antrum.
In our modest point of view "research is not a paper published to increase the biography of an academic, nor a tool for getting fund, promotion and job. Research adds a great value to the society's life and can change the world; besides its reflection on a long-lasting impression of an academic, being his/her surviving wealth". To preserve science and society all over the world, we should ban fake research, fake journals and publishers. Finally, selecting prestigious journals for publishing scientific research is an issue of honesty.
Background: In chemistry the development of polymer has produced another material to poly methyl methacrylate such as epoxy resins, polyamides (nylon), acetyl resins -----etc. All these resins are suited for thermoplastic processing. Polyamide materials are more flexible than the commonly used polymethylmethacrylate. The flexibility of polyamide allows partial dentures to be pressed in one piece including clasps. Glass fibers are the most widely used reinforcing materials forming about 90 % of the reinforcement in resins. The addition of fibers to provisional restorative resin increases tensile strength, fracture toughness and surface hardness. Objective of the study: An evaluation of the surface roughness, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength improvement of flexible denture bases after adding of glass fibers and altering in powder – monomer ratio. Material and Methods: Eighty samples of flexible acrylic were made and divided into two main groups according to the type of test to be used. Forty samples for surface roughness and forty samples for tensile strength and (modulus of elasticity). Each group is divided into four subgroups according to fibers addition and to the alteration in powder-liquid ratio as follows: group (A) consists of (10 specimens) without the addition of glass fibers and with (3:1) powder- monomer ratio. Group (B) consists of (10 specimens) with addition of glass fibers and with (3:1) powder- monomer ratio, group (C) consists of (10 specimens) without addition of glass fibers and with (2.5:1) powder- monomer ratio and group (D) consists of (10 specimens) with glass fibers and with (2.5:1) powder- monomer ratio. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were determined by Instron testing machine at cross speed of 0.5mm/min. The T.R 200 device was used to indicate the values of surface roughness specimens before and after finishing and polishing. Results: In the present study, ANOVA test showed a significant difference at (P<0.05) between all the groups of tensile strength test.Least significant difference( LSD) test showed a non-significant difference at (P>0.05) between most of the tested groups except the groups of 3:1 powder–monomer ratio with and without fibers addition and groups of 3:1 ratio without fibers addition in comparison with the groups of 2.5:1 ratio with fibers addition which showed highly significant . The modulus of elasticity revealed a non-significant difference between all the tested groups at (P>0.05). While there were highly significant difference at (p<0.01) between groups of surface roughness test before and after polishing, except the group of 2.5:1 ratio with and without fibers addition which showed a non-significant difference at (P>0.05.). Conclusion: Conclusion was derived that fibers addition significantly affects tensile strength. The modulus of elasticity was not significantly affected by fibers addition or by powder-monomer ratio. Regarding surface roughness, it was improved after fibers addition and alteration in powder-liquid ratio.
Oro-antral perforation (OAP) could be misdiagnosed if the incidence and risk factors are unknown and its consequence could be worrisome. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of oro-antral perforations after teeth extraction. A retrospective study of forceps extracted upper posterior teeth over a ten-year period from September 2008 to November 2018 was done at our hospital in Nigeria. In univariate analysis, the predictors were age, gender, experience of surgeon, site of tooth, side of surgery, use of elevators while the outcome variable was oroantral perforations. Logistic regression was also done to determine the risk factors associated OAP. We used SPSS Version 17(SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA) to perform descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Out of the total 26,372 dental extractions during the ten-year period, 54 (0.2%) extraction cases (33 males, 21 females) had oro-antral perforations. Their mean age was 54.8± 10.6years (ranging from 21 to78 years). The highest incidence occurred in the sixth decade of life. Only the location of teeth had a significant association with oro-antral perforations. The location of upper first molar was (OR = 1.85, P=0.00) identified as a significant risk factor. The incidence of OAP is significantly lower in Nigerians and was 0.2% although there could be a population variability. The position of the upper first molar was a factor found to be associated and predictive of the OAP but age, gender, number of extractions per visit, side of operation and the surgeon’s experience were not. The findings will help surgeons to predict occurrence of OAP knowing its risk factors.
The joining of a metal framework is frequently necessary to create individual orthodontic appliances and to achieve efficient treatment procedures. Stainless steel wires can be fused together by welding but this generally required reinforcement with solder. The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the mechanical properties ( i.e. the tensile strength and elastic modulus )of silver soldered joints of stainless steel. A total of 40 wire specimens were prepared. The tensile strength and elastic modulus tests were carried out via by universal testing machine. the results indicated that the mean tensile strength of soldered group is lower than that of soldered group. As well, there are highly significant differences between two groups for tensile strength (p<0.01). Furthermore, the soldered group has the highest mean of elastic modulus than that of control group. As well, there are highly significant differences between two groups for elastic modulus (p<0.01). It is concluded that Stainless steel wires (Remanium)have superior mechanical properties with regard to tensile strength and elastic modulus.
Background: During the course of fixed orthodontic therapy, it is difficult to maintain high standard oral hygiene care by mechanical tooth cleaning only. Therefore, mouthwashes are commonly used as adjunct for mechanical tooth cleaning. Most of the mouthwashes are chemicals and have a wide range of side effects. Plant extracts have stood the test of time as safe inexpensive and available remedy for providing general health care. Objective: The present study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the oral hygiene status of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: Eleven male patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were recruited in the study. All patients were given the same oral hygiene regimen during the study period. Clinical evaluation of OPI (orthodontic plaque index) and salivary streptococcus mutans count were recorded at the first activation visit (three weeks after placement of the orthodontic appliances) which considered the baseline visit and after one week of gargling with the extract. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS (version 21) using Paired Samples t-test. Result: The results of the statistical analysis revealed that, there were highly significant reductions in both OPI and salivary streptococcus mutans count after one week gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Conclusion: The present finding concluded that, aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) could be use as a promising ingredient in manufacturing mouthwashs and other dental supplies that contribute in maintaining good oral hygiene during the course of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Aim of the study: To study the effect of reduced level of bone support on stress concentration and distribution. Also comparing the effect of different metals (gold, cobalt-chromium, and titanium) on alveolar supporting bone. Material and methods: A FEA method is used on a reduced bone support class I Kennedy classification, with three different rest positions (mesial, distal, mesial and distal) Co-Cr partial denture; Then changing the modulus of elasticity of the chrome-cobalt, to study the effect of gold and titanium alloy on the supporting bone surrounding the abutment in terms of stress distribution. Results: results revealed that best design type is by placing mesial and distal rest on abutment, also when comparing the three types of metals (Co-Cr, titanium, gold), there was no significant difference among the three metals.
Introduction: Clear acrylic resins are widely used in many applications in the field of dentistry such as removable complete and partial dentures. such materials are also used in the fabrication of scleral part of ocular prostheses when mixed with white oil paints. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the addition of oil paints on translucency of clear acrylic material. Materials and methods: The study included three main groups. Each group consists of 10 specimens. The concentration of white oil paints has increased from 1 ml to 2 ml, respectively. The translucency test was applied on all specimens. Results: The results showed that there was a significant decrease in translucency of acrylic following addition of white oil paints. Conclusion: the use of white paints has decreased the translucency of acrylic material. The adding of white oil paint at 1 ml to clear acrylic resin is necessary in the manufacture of the scleral part of ocular prostheses to match the colour of natural eye.
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a global oral case that stay incompletely understood yet. It was classified into three main types of minor, major or herpetiform, based on clinical features, but the exact causative agent is unknown, therefore treatments are primarily should be experimental and aimed at decrease symptoms rather than remedy or prevention. The aim of study is to detection of Herpes simplex virus-1 and Herpes simplex virus-2 in saliva of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) as a causative agents of the disease by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, and correlation between positive results and finding of age, gender, and family history. Materials and Methods: Study group of (40) saliva samples were taken from 40 patients with RAS lesions included 15 male and 25 female, with mean age at (34) years, at range about (18-55) years , and healthy control group were (20) healthy volunteers were suffered from oral traumatic ulcers, consist women (13), men (7), mean age (33) years in range (18-55). for detection of HSV viruses types that may causes this disease, and healthy control group were (20) healthy volunteers were suffered from oral traumatic ulcers, ELISA method used for diagnosis HSV-1 and HSV-2, from saliva samples of the patients with (RAS) with correlation between positive results and finding of age, gender, and family history. Results: Diagnostic specimens were consisted of two groups, study group of (40) saliva samples taken from 40 patients with RAS lesions. The results of ELISA to detect HSV had high significant (17): 42.5% from (40) patients with (RAS), HSV-1: (13)32.5%, and HSV-2: (4)10%. Conclusion: This high number of RAS cases by HSV, and presence of HSV-2 in patients saliva in this study acted important cause of prevalence of this disease in Iraq, were in age group (18-25) mostly in female especially in those with family history of infection. Keywords: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS), Aphthous ulcer, HSV-1&2 viruses, ELISA method
Background: Fear, anxiety and phobia are major complications for both patient and dental care providers despite the technological advances that have made dentistry less painful and less uncomfortable. This study aimed to identify the most common pathways of fear related to root canal treatment in different aged groups for both genders. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of (800) patients were selected, aged (20-59) years old from patients attend- ing the Al-Shiekh Omar specialized dental center. The questionnaires of pathways of endodontic fear were prepared and translate from English to Arabic languages by certified translator and were filled by patients themselves without any help from endodontists. Patients with mental disabilities, those who only had surgical root canal treatment, those below 20 years and above 59 years old, and those not understand Arabic language were excluded. Results: The most commonly reported pathway for fear and anxiety with endodontic procedures was the cognitive (32.9%) fol- lowed by the informative, parental, verbal, and vicarious pathways (29%, 25%, 6.7%, 6.4%) respectively. Also, the result showed that the informative pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (1, 2); while cognitive pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). The patients in all groups showed the percentage of direct endodontic fear pathway was less than indirect pathway, where the indirect pathway was (65%) while direct pathway was (35%) totally. The result of the study showed that females had higher percentage (59.3%) of endodontic fear than males (40.7%) generally. Conclusion : The present study showed that different pathways appear to be adopted by different age groups, indicat- ing the importance of customizing strategies in the management of fear and anxiety related to root canal treatment. Fear of root canal treatment is mostly influenced by the cognitive pathway.
Background: Wound healing is a complex process, which is influenced by several factors. The use of natural products as an alternative treatment has been on the rise in the last few decades. Honey is a natural product that has been recently introduced in new medical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical honey dressing on healing of chemically induced oral gingival ulcer by histological analysis. Materials and methods: Twenty-six New Zealand rabbits were used and divided into control and treated groups, wound was created on the rabbit oral mucosa by applying a piece of filter paper ( φ 5 mm) soaked with 50% acetic acid for 2 minutes to the mandibular gingival mucosa and then experimental groups treated by daily application of natural honey on the ulcer site for 4 days then the sites of the ulcer were examined histologically . Results: Honey showed marked active anti-inflammatory effect as a natural agent on a chemically induced oral ulcer in treated animals, histological examination of biopsies from ulcers after four days of treatment showed marked difference in the rate of healing process and epithelialization of ulcers site between the two groups. Conclusions: honey has a clear effect on the healing process of oral gingival ulcer.
The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship of the concurrent signs and symptoms of a painful TMD with primary headache (migraine and tension type headache) and whether tenderness and provocation of the masticatory system resulted in the headache. Methods and materials : The sample consists of 120 patients which were diagnosed as having temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) included Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). The sample age range was between (18-50 years) . All patients oriented to com- plete the Research Diagnostic Criteria RDC\TMD .The questionnaire for TMD index was also applied to all patients to measure the severity of TMD . Then all patients were subjected to clinical examination (examination of masticatory muscles, joint palpation and deviation, clicking and limitation in mouth opening). Primary Headaches were assessed using a validated structured questionnaire captured information on distinguishing headache features and parallels the International Classification for Headache Disorders-II. Results : females were shown high prevalence of TMDs and headache more than male. The presence of the masticatory muscles pain, joint pain, limitation in mouth opening, clicking and bruxism as well as headache pain intensity and duration, increased to a relevant and statistically significant degree in both migraine and tension type headache patients in compare to other patients had no headache or patients with headache from TMDs. Conclusions: High prevalence of TMD in females and also females represent a majority of headache patients. Clinical pain charac- teristics and masticatory muscle tenderness of TMD are greater in patients with primary headache.
Background: white acrylic resins are widely used for fabrication of scleral part of ocular prostheses to restore acquired or congeni- tal ocular defects. However, such materials are not available in the local markets. Several additive materials, hence, must be applied to the prosthesis to match the colour of natural eye. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adding titanium dioxide oil paints to scleral part of ocular prosthesis on its porosity. Methods: there were 20 samples in total. The first group was fabricated without addition of oil paint and considered as control. The second group was constructed from heat cured acrylic resin with addition of oil paint in a concentration of 1 ml. A surface area of 1cm 2 was limited in the center of each specimen &observed under optical microscopy and numbers of pores per area was manually determined. All values were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and comparison between 2 groups was obtained using inde- pendent t test. Results: there was an increase in the mean values of porosity following addition of oil paint. The control group presented a lower mean value of porosity compared to experimental group. however, no significant differences between control and TiO 2 group where P >0.05. Conclusion: the incorporation of titanium dioxide into clear acrylic resin increases its ' porosity .
