The Mediterranean Diet (MD) can be used for treatment, primary, and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. This cross-sectional, observational study completed on cardiac patients recovering from Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery provides a comprehensive picture of this population. We assessed the demographic and lifestyle characteristics of this population. Additionally, we assessed beliefs, experiences, and attitudes toward the MD. The majority (74%) of CABG patients were males, Caucasian, college educated, married, overweight, physically inactive, and formers mokers. Their average age was 67 ± 9 years. They are rather poorly informed regarding the MD, with limited experience using the MD. Their average adherence to the MD was 48%. Few believe the MD is hard to follow, but they are willing to change their diet so that it would more adhere to the principles of MD. They also believe eating more fruits and vegetables, nuts, and red wine in moderation is healthy. The results for females were similar to the one for males. The theoretical model seems to indicate that in our population of post CABG patients, physically active patients, who had experience with Mediterranean lifestyle would be willing to adhere to the MD. Achieved education was a contributing factor for the interest in MD.
Low vitamin D status and oxidative/nitrosative stress have been recognized as risk factor for chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (MetS).The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and oxidative/nitrosative markers for association with hypovitaminoses D in Brazilian women with MetS.The following included 88 women with MetS and evaluated metabolic biomarkers (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, uric acid, plasma glucose, insulin), and oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers (hidroperoxides-CL-LOOH, carbonyl protein, nitric oxide metabolites-NOx, sulfhydryl groups-SH of proteins, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter-TRAP, total serum activity of PON1).The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Vitamin D was determined as 25(OH) D and categorized as hipovitaminosis (MetSHD) and suficient vitamin D (MetSD).Levels of vitamin D were lower in the MetSHD (p < 0.0001).MetSHD group showed increase in fasting glucose (p = 0.03), TG (p = 0.04), HOMA-IR (p = 0.03), CT/ HDL (p = 0.04), LDL/HDL (p = 0.03), non-HDL (p = 0.04).There were increased levels of AOPP (p = 0.03) and NOx (p = 0.04) levels in MetSHD group.In MetSHD, the SH group were negatively correlated with TC (r = -0.36,p < 0.05) and LDL-C (r = -0.347,p < 0.05) whereas AOPP was negatively correlated with HDL (r = -0.37,p < 0.05), and positively correlated with fasting glucose (r = 0.32, p < 0.05), TG (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001) insulin levels (r = 0.50, p < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.54, p < 0.001).NOx was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.34, p < 0.05) and TRAP/uric acid was negatively correlated with BMI, WC, and insulin levels (r = -0.33,-0.34, -0.366; p < 0.05), respectively.In conclusion, the present study showed that hypovitaminosis D in women with MetS is associated metabolic and oxidative/nitrosativo biomarkers, which are important factors for cardiovascular risk.
The fundamental quest for food safety and security fit for consumption cannot be underscore. Cinnamon has been known to possess wide variety of biological activities. We evaluated the phenolic and cytotoxity of C. impressicostatum as a potential additive to food to increase the shelf life and to prevent bacterial food infection.
Elevated serum cholesterol is a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The main approach to reduce cholesterol is the use of statin drugs. The current study tested the use of a novel food-based technique to reduce cholesterol - the combination of red yeast rice extract (RYRE), extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and oatmeal. The study was a non-randomized prospective intervention that enrolled 86 patients with elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).
Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita, dapat diukur berdasarkan standar WHO memakai indeks TB / U dengan nilai 0,05 dan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan tingkat PMT sebesar 0,002 atau p value < 0,05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan antara jarak kelahiran anak dengan tingkat PMT dan terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan tingkat PMT.
A chronic low-grade inflammation is considered as a consequence of obesity, and linked with multiple complications. However, it is under-investigated how inflammatory cytokines mediate adipogenesis. This study investigated the role of Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) on adipogenes is over high-fat diet feeding. Three groups of wild type or TNF-α-/-mice with the same C57BL/6 genetic background were utilized in this study: wild type fed with a low-fat diet (WT-LFD), wild type fed with a high-fat diet (WT-HFD), and TNF-α-/- fed with a HFD (TNF-HFD). After 16-wk feeding, inflammatory cytokine, Wnt pathway and adipogenesis-related genes were analyzed. HFD feeding increased body weight in both WT-HFD and TNF-HFD groups, but genetic ablation of TNF-α attenuated HFD-induced obesity. In visceral adipose tissues, HFD elevated Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicated by decreased phospho-GSK3β and active β-catenin, two key components within the Wnt pathway, and dysregulated adipogenesis, indicated by reduced PPARγ/CEBPα expressions. Whereas, the deletion of TNF-α suppressed Wnt-signaling, and restored expressions of adipogenes is-related genes, which were otherwise decreased in the HFD-induced obese animals. These findings demonstrated a critical role of TNF-α in the regulation of Wnt-signaling and adiposity in mice over a HFD feeding, indicating HFD-induced adipocyte dysfunction could be mitigated by targeting TNF-α and Wnt-signaling.
Food insecurity is defined as situation that exists when all people, at all times, have no physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Fish farming plays an important role in food security and nutrition by providing food and income. The aim of this study was to assess household food insecurity status and nutritional status of under-five children and women of reproductive age from pond fish farming households in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Context: Children in developing countries may survive the critical stage of the first 1000 days of life but may still carry unresolved micronutrient deficiencies into school age. Iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest form of micronutrient deficiency which affects school age children. School feeding programmes may provide an opportunity to reduce the micronutrient deficiencies in the light of limited nutrition interventions that target school age children in developing countries.
To assess the 1) Acceptability and feasibility of online and paper versions of the MEPA III screener in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 2) Test retest reliability of the screener. For the first objective, participants with PD completed the online and paper screeners five to seven days apart followed by an exit questionnaire. The latter included a 65-point system usability scoring (SUS) method.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving therapy where all nutritional requirements are provided intravenously. While this therapy is essential for individuals unable to process their nutritional needs enterically, significant complications arise such as intestinal failure associated liver injury (IFALD). IFALD includes hepatic steatosis, cholestasis, inflammation, ultimately progressing to cirrhosis and portal hypertension and some patients may need liver transplantation. The exact mechanism underlying this condition is not well understood, but studies have recently suggested that changes in gut microbiota and intraluminal bile acid signaling are known to play a role in the development of IFALD. In enterohepatic circulation with normal enteral nutrition, gut Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is activated by bile acids, which triggers the release of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) into portal circulation. FGF19 serves to regulate intrahepatic bile acid synthesis with enteric nutrition. This signaling pathway is impaired in TPN as studies indicate decreased serum levels of FGF19 in subjects receiving TPN. Finally, gut microbiota is severely altered in TPN due to intestinal hypomobility. The shift in gut microbiota affects our immune response and promotes endotoxins that negatively affect liver function. Targeting the pathways affecting gut microbiota and bile acid signaling has promise in treating TPN associated injuries.
The processing of fruit for juice production generates considerable amount of by-products such as passion fruit peel, orange peel and apple pomace [3]. The use of these secondary materials fruit processing as ingredients in the food formulation, and reduce waste and prevent environmental contamination by improper disposal of these materials may facilitate access of low income to functional foods [4].
A fast and easy electrochemical method for nitrate determination in leafy vegetables was developed. It is a much cheaper method compared to the HPLC method or chemiluminescence detection, the most sensitive method in determination of nitrate, which requires expensive instrumentation. A nitrate ion selective electrode was employed and the electric potentials were measured before and after a series of standard nitrate solutions added to the vegetable sample solution without any pre-treatment.
In this short communication paper, allow me to introduce one of the best companies in green biotechnology in Asia. It is All Cosmos Bio-Tech (ACBT) Holding Corporation which is located in Pasir Gudang, Johore, Peninsular Malaysia. ACBT focuses on using green biotechnology to maintain our ecosystem in a sustainable way encompassing plantations, research, development and management. This company's products include using Effective Microorganisms (EM) in the biofertilizers for sustainable crop production in order to cater for the increasing needs of food nutrition demands due to human population growth. Using conventional pesticides are undoubtedly both unsustainable and not environmental friendly whether in short or long terms. Biofertilizers enhance nutrients via the natural routes of nitrogen fixation, and accelerating plant growth through the creation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR).
The blood levels of bone metabolism hormones change significantly after vitamin D agents' therapy. Ergocalciferol supplementation treatment can increase blood levels of 25(OH) D and BMP-7 much more than calcitriol. Improving 25(OH) D insufficiency can suppress the endocrine of FGF-23.
The United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition has focused on elimination of malnutrition in all its forms. To achieve this goal, countries are focusing on nutrition specific and sensitive programs. This paper reviews studies in four thematic areas - malnutrition, micronutrient supplementation, infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) to assess the effects of nutrition specific strategies combined with a social and behavioral change communication component on diet and nutritional status.
Most studies collected B6 intake information through the dietary recall method. Among healthy populations over 1-year-old from different countries, women (especially those with restricted energy intake) and older adults tended to have lower intake than RDA and thus experienced a higher incidence of deficiency. About half of the nursing home residents showed B6 deficiency.
A 62-year-old Caucasian male patient presented to an integrative medicine clinic in February 2017 with heavy metal toxicity, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), and low vitamin D status, seeking nutrition advice to support the reduction of Cobalt (Co) and Chromium (Cr) biomarkers associated with 2010 and 2011 hip replacements. His current medications include Flonase. The patient diagnosis and treatment are outlined in the timeline.
Background: Malnutrition is associated with negative health consequences in the cancer population, making it imperative for an efficient interdisciplinary approach to conduct nutritional screening using an appropriate instrument. The present study compared the qualitative evaluation of nutritionally at-risk cancer patients, using an Existing Malnutrition RiskScreening Questionnaire (EMR-SQ), with a new Comprehensive Questionnaire (CMR-SQ). Materials and methods: The population studied consisted of 37 cancer patients. The first stage in data collection involved assessment by the nursing staff utilizing the EMR-SQ. In the second stage, these same patients were evaluated using the CMR-SQ developed by the authors containing components specific to identifying individuals at-risk for malnutrition, based on the PG-SGA and A.S.P.E.N. guidelines. The risk scores were subsequently used to classify low, moderate, and high risk of developing malnutrition. Results: The EMR-SQ identified 81.1% at low risk of developing malnutrition, whereas the CMR-SQ determined 32.4% low, 37.8% moderate, and 29.7% at high risk. These differences between the screening instruments were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Correlational analyses of factors affecting the risk of developing malnutrition using Spearman’s rho indicated a positive relationship in presence of comorbidities r = 0.63, p < 0.010 and an inverse relationship between handshake strength r = -0.40, p < 0.05. Conclusion: The combined distribution pattern of 70% for moderate and high risk of developing malnutrition identified by the CMR-SQ is consistent with the estimates of prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients in the literature. The increased sensitivity of the CMR-SQ could be attributed to the addition of nutrition focused clinical characteristics.
This case reports on the successful treatment of NCGS and IDA in an individual patient, a 56-year-old Italian-American female using nutritional support. The patient continued conventional Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) treatment while beginning functional nutrition therapy guided by laboratory testing from her physician.
Background Addressing the increasing obesity rates in children living in the United Kingdom has become a priority. A public health level approach as opposed to an individual approach is potentially one way forward. The wider food environment should be designed so that the 'healthier choice' is the easiest choice; this includes public sector settings such as hospitals. Many hospital outlets sell and promote food and drinks high in sugar, fat and salt undermining health messages developed by the UK National Health Service. Financial incentives have been provided to encourage hospitals to promote healthier food choices; however, few outlets have complied with the targets. The aim of this qualitative interview study was to determine the dietary perceptions and needs of parents whose children attend a large children's hospital in the North East of England and to identify potential barriers and facilitators to eating healthily in a hospital setting. Methods Eighteen parents whose children attended the hospital as an in- or out-patient were recruited through either ward research nurses, information posters or a parent hospital Facebook page to participate in a one-to-one in-depth interview. Results Parents reported a lack of affordable healthy options for sale both for themselves and visiting children. Although parents wanted to see more healthy options available for sale they did not feel it was appropriate to ban or restrict sales of any food types. Parents of frequent or long-term in-patients found it difficult to adequately feed themselves. Conclusions The ways in which visitors and staff can be encouraged to choose the healthier option in an NHS hospital setting warrants further investigation. The use of 'nudge theory', which has gained particular momentum in areas such as health promotion, may be a tool which can be utilised by hospitals to facilitate the promotion of healthy eating.
