BACKGROUND:Infectious mononucleosis is caused by the ubiquitous Epstein-Barr virus. It is a common condition usually affecting adolescents and young adults. Most cases are mild to moderate in severity with full recovery taking place over several weeks. More severe cases and unusual complications occasionally occur.OBJECTIVE:After presenting a case of severe infectious mononucleosis, the spectrum of disease is given. Diagnosis and complications are reviewed as well as management including the possible role for antiviral medications or corticosteroid therapy.DISCUSSION:The majority of cases of infectious mononucleosis are self limiting and require only supportive care. More severe cases, although unusual, may require admission to hospital and even to an intensive care unit. Corticosteroid therapy may be indicated for severe airway obstruction or other severe complications, but should be avoided unless the benefits outweigh potential risks. Antiviral therapy has no proven benefit.
