The time and energy parameters for comparative assessment of defibrillation pulses were considered. The results of the comparison demonstrated the degree of efficiency of various defibrillation pulses. It was found that the energy of a Gurwitch–Venin defibrillation pulse was 1.5–2.0 times larger than the energy of a trapezoidal pulse and 1.2–1.5 times larger than the energy of a rectilinear pulse, which is consistent with results obtained in animals with high ohmic resistance.
A prototype of a diagnostic complex for continuous monitoring of patient’s cardiac activity (electrocardiography, heart rate) is described. The complex contains an intelligent-sensor data acquisition system, a processing system based on a Bluetooth piconet-microserver, and a communicator for transmitting data from the data acquisition and processing system to a medical server. The algorithms of preprocessing of the sensor signals and the structure of the mobile application of the communicator and medical server are also presented. Structural, hardware, and software solutions presented demonstrate the feasibility of a complex with sensors that allow patients to perform their usual daily functions.
Technological optimization of equipment for thermal treatment and storage of blood preparations and components is described. The results of development of some biomedical devices for blood transfusion departments are presented.
A new surgical navigation technology of active magnetic positioning of moving objects is described. The studies showed the readiness of this innovative technology for clinical implementation. Assessment shows the possibility of creating an alternative to system Carto XP, widely used in Russia for cardiothoracic surgery.
We propose an algorithm for processing magnetic resonance images, which can effectively select an area of brain stroke and calculate its size by finding the optimal threshold between the areas of stroke and healthy brain tissue. An advantage of the algorithm is its high precision in calculation of the size of the brain stroke and reduced time of image analysis, helping the neurologist to quickly and efficiently make decisions.
This article discusses methods of measurement used in clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment of patients with various blood clotting disorders.
An intraocular pressure meter is described. Its operating principle is based on the analysis of semiconductor laser autodyne radiation reflected from the sclera. Using the laser autodyne, the deflection and acceleration of the scleral envelope under the influence of a pneumopulse were measured. The value of the intraocular pressure was determined from the ratio of these parameters. The intraocular pressure was measured both using an eyeball model and in vivo.
Transcranial electrostimulation of hemodynamics of the liver, systemic microcirculation, severity of cytolytic syndrome, lipid peroxidation processes, and condition of enzyme antioxidant defense in patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases (CDLD) as a method of drug-free treatment of such patients is discussed.
Hepatic and splenic arteries and portal and splenic veins were examined in patients with chronic hepatitis using duplex scanning. The type and power of correlations between ultrasonic characteristics and liver density were estimated. On the basis of the hemodynamic characteristics, an index for differentiating the degrees of fibrosis is suggested. Patients with chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and chronic alcoholic hepatitis were included into the trial.
The problem of processing and automatic analysis of video information produced by computer capillaroscope was investigated. This article describes an algorithm for elimination of frame drift and formation of average image. The problem of detection and analysis of a major capillary is solved. Elastic straightening mapping of the capillary region into a region of rectangular shape is proposed. The transformed data are used for determining the characteristics of capillary blood flow. An algorithm for measuring the instantaneous flow rate as a function of time and location along the capillary is described.
